Zayd A. Abdullah Al-Obaidi
Abstract
The importance of plastic has emerged in many modern industries, and petroleum is an essential source for the manufacture of many materials of importance in our contemporary life, such as plastic bags, paints, brooms that are used for cleaning, and others. This study showed that it is possible to use ...
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The importance of plastic has emerged in many modern industries, and petroleum is an essential source for the manufacture of many materials of importance in our contemporary life, such as plastic bags, paints, brooms that are used for cleaning, and others. This study showed that it is possible to use these plastic products in other ways to reduce the plastic pollution that invades the world, and one of these ways is the possibility of adding plastic to concrete to improve some of its properties. In this work, the bristles of plastic brooms are used in the form of fibers to improve the properties of concrete, and the results showed a significant improvement in the resistance to compression, flexural, and impact resistance of concrete, in addition to a slight decrease in the density. The fibers were added in different proportions (0.6, 1.0, and 1.4) as a percentage of the concrete volume, and the duration of the test ranged between (7 and 28) days for the tests of compression, flexion, and density, while the impact resistance tested at the age of 90 days.
Marwa M. Majeed; Basima S. Khalaf; Layla M. Nassir
Abstract
Space and weight constraints, as well as the time lag between energy generation and consumption, are major obstacles to expanding solar water heating systems into existing structures with limited space. It is possible to collect heat with this small, evacuated tube collector (ETC). It was found ...
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Space and weight constraints, as well as the time lag between energy generation and consumption, are major obstacles to expanding solar water heating systems into existing structures with limited space. It is possible to collect heat with this small, evacuated tube collector (ETC). It was found that the air inside the glass tube has poor thermal conductivity. An experimental and numerical study was performed on an evacuated tube solar collector, incorporating a heat tube with cylindrical fins to increase the contact surface between the air and the fin surface. Statistical analysis software is used to verify the results in practice. The temperature data was investigated using SPSS under the same flow conditions. These figures are from experiments examining the effect of variable volumetric flow rate, boost type, and variance analysis on temperature distribution. When analyzing the results of the trials, a significant threshold of 95% was used. Therefore, we compare the calculated significance to a value of 0.05 to evaluate the efficacy and capabilities of the components. The reliability and validity of the model depend on the presence of two components. If the resulting value is less than the significance level (0.05), then the model can be considered robust and efficient (flow rate and optimization type). If the estimated value is greater than that, the variables do not affect system performance. Flow rate and type of enhancement are the two factors considered in the analysis of variance.
Farah Mohammed Saoud; Sajad Hussein Abdali; Essam Esmail
Abstract
Planetary gear-cam mechanisms (PGCMs) are mechanisms that combine planetary gears and cams. Despite the fact that these systems have the ability to achieve a wide variety of periodic motions of the output link, they have received little attention. To generate and classify PGCMs, structural properties ...
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Planetary gear-cam mechanisms (PGCMs) are mechanisms that combine planetary gears and cams. Despite the fact that these systems have the ability to achieve a wide variety of periodic motions of the output link, they have received little attention. To generate and classify PGCMs, structural properties must first be identified. The classification of gear-cam mechanisms is studied, as are their functional, structural, and graph representations. PGCMs are classified based on their number of degrees of freedom, number of links, and joint types. They are synthesized utilizing the spanning tree-based approach to build the entire set of gear-cam graphs. The relation between graphs and PGCMs is investigated and many graph fundamentals are converted into PGCMs. The atlas of five-vertex graphs is obtained, allowing the development of a large number of mechanisms. The precise results of the 5-link PGCM graphs have been confirmed to be 12. The application and significance of this approach in producing a variety of non-uniform motions, developing better alternatives, and creating new designs for variable-speed output mechanisms are demonstrated.
Naseer Hamza; Haider A. Abdul kazem
Abstract
In this paper highlights the most significant recent developments in scientific study on Heat sinks are thermal management components made of materials with sufficient thermal conductivity qualities. Due to the increase in operating power and speed as well as the general reduction in system size, the ...
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In this paper highlights the most significant recent developments in scientific study on Heat sinks are thermal management components made of materials with sufficient thermal conductivity qualities. Due to the increase in operating power and speed as well as the general reduction in system size, the issues of heat removal and temperature management have taken on increasing importance in these studies. Changing the geometry of extended surfaces, the material from which they were made, the working fluid that ran over them and or the dimension of the channel, are some of the subcategories in which studies have been conducted. The current review addresses the main recent findings in the forced convection heat transfer happened at laminar flow inside small scale diameters channels. The recent studies indicated a remarkable enhancement with the change of Re, D and internal geometry of channel. The configuration of flow passages also adopted as a different passive technique to enhance thermal fluid flow.
beri Mustafa Ghafour; Mand Ibrahim Aziz
Abstract
Density, as a spatial concept, can be used to predict and manage how land is used. It also plays a role in determining how much capacity is present within a given area. Due to the rapidly growing population in the Kurdistan region, one of the major issues is housing. Over the past ten years, the Kurdistan ...
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Density, as a spatial concept, can be used to predict and manage how land is used. It also plays a role in determining how much capacity is present within a given area. Due to the rapidly growing population in the Kurdistan region, one of the major issues is housing. Over the past ten years, the Kurdistan Investment Board has started the construction of numerous residential complexes by investor companies. This study's objective is to evaluate the housing projects carried out by the investor sector to assess the population and housing density and land use balance evaluate the relation of green area with neighbourhood components. For the current study, five residential complexes were invested in (Zeitun city, Italian I village, Global city, Aynda II, Andazyaran city). Since the data are numerical, the applied methodology is quantitative. According to the findings, the net population density of Andazyaran city is higher than the Iraqi standard however the gross population density of Andazyaran city is over moderate levels of single-family housing standards. Gross accommodation density is showing same problems including Aynda II, While Zeitun City's land use balance is below average, Global City and Aynda II are in line with Iraqi standards. Indicators show low commitments regarding density parameters of more than one third of cases to updated housing standards.
Sajad Hussein Abdali; Farah Mohammed Saoud; Essam Esmail
Abstract
Several approaches for detecting isomorphism in kinematic chains have been developed in recent literature. If two kinematic chains have a 1-1 correspondence and their incidences are maintained, they are isomorphic. In this work, a matrix-based method for identifying isomorphism is presented. The new ...
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Several approaches for detecting isomorphism in kinematic chains have been developed in recent literature. If two kinematic chains have a 1-1 correspondence and their incidences are maintained, they are isomorphic. In this work, a matrix-based method for identifying isomorphism is presented. The new method is based on fundamental circuits, vertex degrees, and spanning trees. A unique identifier for isomorphic graphs is proposed. Two graphs are isomorphic if their isomorphic identification numbers have the same value. This reduces the structural isomorphism test to a comparison of the isomorphic identification numbers of the two graphs under consideration. Regardless of vertex labeling of the graphs, which is problematic in other ways, similar isomorphic identification numbers are generated for isomorphic graphs. The new method is a comprehensive, systematic way for detecting isomorphism during the synthesis of kinematic chains. Isomorphic graphs are identified regardless of graph representation. The new approach is verified by the atlas of 6-link 2- degree of freedom planetary gear mechanisms (PGMs), the atlas of 5-link 2-degree of freedom planetary geared cam mechanisms (PGCMs) as well as some PGMs and PGCMs.
muhammed Abdulhasan Muhammed; Nabeel Shallal Almuramady
Abstract
In reality, there are a number of tiny contact asperities on the contact surface, which may be seen at the micro/ nano scales. The total mechanical behavior is the product of all asperities that are involved during the contact. There are still a lot of unresolved issues in the study of contact and dry ...
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In reality, there are a number of tiny contact asperities on the contact surface, which may be seen at the micro/ nano scales. The total mechanical behavior is the product of all asperities that are involved during the contact. There are still a lot of unresolved issues in the study of contact and dry friction behavior of rough surfaces because of the variety of surface topography, complexity of the contact scale, and nonlinearity of the constitutive materials. The complexity of the friction mechanism and its misunderstood nature pose significant challenges in this study. This paper provides a comprehensive review of typical dry friction behaviors observed at the micro- and nanoscales. The significance of surface roughness, the role of contact mechanics, and the impact of experimental and theoretical approaches in modeling and simulation have been examined at this study. Additionally, the manuscript highlights the crucial role of proximal probing techniques, particularly the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) technique.
Saya Jamal Rashid; Faris Ali Mustafa; Faten Radhwan Yaseen
Abstract
From ancient Greece till the present, the golden ratio has been considered one of the most significant criteria of beauty in art and architecture. Architectural forms are part of the visual language that is bound by the rules of geometry and proportion. This study aims to identify the extent to which ...
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From ancient Greece till the present, the golden ratio has been considered one of the most significant criteria of beauty in art and architecture. Architectural forms are part of the visual language that is bound by the rules of geometry and proportion. This study aims to identify the extent to which contemporary mosques in the city of Erbil utilize the golden ratio in the aesthetics of their facades. The research attempts to answer the question: was the golden ratio implemented in designing the facade of contemporary mosques in Erbil? The study adopted a mixed quantitative and qualitative analysis method. To achieve the study's aim and answer its questions, six mosques built in the last decade in Erbil were selected. Qualitatively, survey and documentation followed. Quantitatively, Phi matrix software, AutoCAD, and graphic software were applied as a mathematical approach. The study concluded that only one case used the golden ratio in the design of its façade by 100%, while it did not exceed 75% in most other mosques. The study draws the attention of designers and architects in the field of mosque architecture to the adoption of the golden ratio in the designs of mosque facades because of its role in achieving the aesthetic aspect.
Ahmed Ali Shakir Al-Saadi
Abstract
The dissipation of excessive heat flux is presently a significant issue that needs to be addressed due to the use of microdevices in fields such as nuclear energy, electronic devices, aerospace engineering, building engineering, and more. Because their increased heat transfer and compact size, microchannel ...
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The dissipation of excessive heat flux is presently a significant issue that needs to be addressed due to the use of microdevices in fields such as nuclear energy, electronic devices, aerospace engineering, building engineering, and more. Because their increased heat transfer and compact size, microchannel cooling systems have become an effective way to manage the temperature of microdevices and equipment upgrades. However, due to the increasing demands placed on microdevices for thermal load, controlling the temperature, and conserving energy, efficient heat exchangers, in particular microchannels, are attracting a growing amount of interest. A key passive technique for successfully increasing the heat transfer of the microchannel cooling system and improving the performance of microchannels is channel shape optimization. Therefore, the characteristics of microchannel geometry from prior research has been reviewed, categorized, and summed up in this article. The analysis focuses primarily on structural features and microchannel geometry attributes that enhance the impact of pressure drop and heat transfer. It also presents the relationship between boiling heat transfer and the geometrical features of microchannel flow and discusses the potential study directions for microchannel geometry design. The current review of microchannels will provide researchers working on these microchannel components with specialized expertise. In an effort to improve the impact of heat transfer, this study reviews, categorizes, and summarizes the characteristics of prior studies' microchannel geometry.
Noor Alwan Muhammed; Alaa Liaq Almosawi
Abstract
This paper presents an experimental investigation of thermal insulation in rubberized concrete blocks, where the fine aggregate size was replaced by rubber crumbs at varying ratios (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%). The rubber crumbs used in this study ranged in size from 0-1mm,1-3mm, and 2-4mm. A mixing ...
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This paper presents an experimental investigation of thermal insulation in rubberized concrete blocks, where the fine aggregate size was replaced by rubber crumbs at varying ratios (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%). The rubber crumbs used in this study ranged in size from 0-1mm,1-3mm, and 2-4mm. A mixing ratio of 4:2:1 was employed, and solar energy at a rate of 500 W/m2 was applied to the outer surface of the test samples. Heat flux sensors were installed on both the internal and external surfaces to measure transient heat flux through the samples, while K-type sensors were used to measure surface temperatures. The samples were placed in an adiabatic room with an open front side for testing. The results revealed that incorporating rubber crumbs into the concrete mixture improves thermal insulation, resulting in a decrease in thermal conductivity with increasing percentages of rubber crumbs. Specifically, a 50% addition of rubber crumbs led to a notable 55% reduction in thermal conductivity, indicating effective thermal insulation that contributes to energy reduction in the building sector.
Ali T Alzeyadi; Nadhir Abbas Al-Ansari; Ali Al-Attabi; Muhanad Mosa
Abstract
In this research, an assessment was conducted for several materials to examine their efficiency for sorption phosphate and their potential use as filter media. This work focus on seeking for materials that can achieve high, rapid, and robust phosphate retention. To assess the phosphate removal efficiency, ...
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In this research, an assessment was conducted for several materials to examine their efficiency for sorption phosphate and their potential use as filter media. This work focus on seeking for materials that can achieve high, rapid, and robust phosphate retention. To assess the phosphate removal efficiency, batch-mode testing was conducted. The capability of the selected materials for effectively removal the phosphate is largely influenced by their inherent properties. Therefore, this research determine the effectiveness of the material by examine their physical and chemical characteristics. The selection method for these materials was guided by understanding that the sorbents which have the most effective behavior for phosphate have a tendency for contain an easily soluble Ca/Mg compounds or Fe/Al hydroxides. The findings of the batch experiments demonstrated that material such as Bio ash (Bio-A) exhibited superior phosphate removal performance throughout the entire duration of the experiments. In contrast, materials calcium carbonate (C-C) and conventional silica (C-S) displayed relatively poor removal performance compared to Bio-A.
Muhanad D. Hashim Almawlawe; Hassan H. Naji; Al-Sharify Mushtaq Talib; Wali H. Wali
Abstract
This work seeks to use both traditional control algorithms and advanced optimization algorithms to enhance the performance of a DC-DC converter. The chosen algorithm was PID based on gray wolf optimization (GWO). PID controller is known for its ease of control and wide range of industrial applications. ...
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This work seeks to use both traditional control algorithms and advanced optimization algorithms to enhance the performance of a DC-DC converter. The chosen algorithm was PID based on gray wolf optimization (GWO). PID controller is known for its ease of control and wide range of industrial applications. This type of controller has been used successfully in many types of systems, such as power electronics, automation systems, robotics, etc., due to its ability to effectively optimize the system's parameters with minimal effort from the user. To test this new technique on a DC-DC converter different simulations were conducted using MATLAB environment where various parameters were set that can simulate various uses for the DC-DC converter within electrical systems. After conducting these tests, it was found that PID based on GWO controller had good performance when compared against other traditional controllers with regards to response time reliability efficiency higher accuracy low cost, etc. As expected GWO showed better results than conventional methods like PID or PI controllers mainly because it’s an evolutionary approach that allows more flexibility during the configuration process.
Doaa Rokan Hussien; Muna S. Kassim; Mustafa Fouad Yousif
Abstract
In current study, to enhance the characteristics and forced convection performance in the horizontal annular in case of presence porous material and without porous material, energy analyses were performed. Many types of porous material, porosities and diameters were used. Computational fluid dynamics ...
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In current study, to enhance the characteristics and forced convection performance in the horizontal annular in case of presence porous material and without porous material, energy analyses were performed. Many types of porous material, porosities and diameters were used. Computational fluid dynamics was used to simulate of an annuli tube in case of presence porous material and without porous material by utilization ANSYS FLUENT software 17.2. The working fluid utilized was water with Reynolds number from 100-500 and constant wall heat flux at 150 kw/m2. Two types used of porous media glass and steel balls, two different porosities (0.6 and 0.7) and two different porous material diameters (12 and 24mm) were utilized. Investigations were occurred under study state for studying heat transfer properties and flow of fluid in the annuli tube. The energy analysis outcomes showed that there is a relationship between Nu and Reynolds number. The highest enhancement of Nu number happened at 12mm diameter and at 0.6 porosity for bolls of glass and 0.7 for bolls of steel. The pressure drop rising is occur with rising of Re for all cases and the diameter of 12mm gives the maximum pressure drop for both steel and glass pellets and the uppermost of pressure drop is occur at porosity of 0.6. As compared with those in the annulus in the absence of glass sphere as porous material at same balls volumes
Suroor Abdulghafoor Jasim; Emad Hani Ismaeel
Abstract
For the protection of historic city identity and providing a sustainable benefit to its buildings,the strategy of conserving heritage buildings in old cities through their reuse is complex and crucial.The most appropriate mechanism for reuse is the most widely used mechanism for preserving and enhancing ...
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For the protection of historic city identity and providing a sustainable benefit to its buildings,the strategy of conserving heritage buildings in old cities through their reuse is complex and crucial.The most appropriate mechanism for reuse is the most widely used mechanism for preserving and enhancing the values of heritage buildings.To extend the physical and functional life of heritage buildings and avoid the damage that may be caused as a result of wrong decisions,this study assists decision-makers in making the best decision more accurately, quickly,and effectively to reuse heritage buildings.Due to the lack of knowledge of the criteria and indicators that affect the most appropriate reuse process on a large scale and the extent to which they affect the process of selecting the most appropriate use,this paper aims to extract such criteria and indicators and prove their effectiveness in the process of selecting the most appropriate reuse of heritage buildings in old cities.The procedure of the study includes three phases:the 1st phase analyzes previous related studies and international charters,then extracts the most important criteria and indicators;the 2nd phase deals with expert interviews to provide a criteria assessment according to significance;and the 3rd phase applies these criteria and indicators to historic buildings in Mosul's old city to evaluate the possibility of their use.Adecision-making methodology(AHP)is applied using Microsoft Excel.The methodology was applied to Ziyadah House and Suleiman Al-Sayegh House.In the results,the application to arrange the optimal alternatives showed that the Ziadah house got the highest value,while the Al-Sayegh house got the lowest value.
Israa abed al.Razak Mosleh; Fathi Alshamma
Abstract
The mechanical design of metals must deal with structures collapsing due to cracks in the material. This study focused on the edge crack with non-proportional cycle loading because it propagates quickly. This fracture is the most dangerous. This research attempted to determine two mathematical models ...
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The mechanical design of metals must deal with structures collapsing due to cracks in the material. This study focused on the edge crack with non-proportional cycle loading because it propagates quickly. This fracture is the most dangerous. This research attempted to determine two mathematical models that could predict the crack propagation rate for thin samples of aluminum alloy types 6061 and 5052 under constant tensile stresses and a cyclic shear stress applied within the elastic limits of the material using “Griffith energy of dynamic fracture”. This was performed to evaluate if these models can predict crack growth rates. compared to the numerical results of A computer system in the ANSYS program R1 2021. The direction of the crack path was calculated and compared with the analytical program. The results of the two mathematical models in predicting the dynamic growth rate in the studied alloys gave low error rates to the ANSYS program. The values of the constants in the Paris equation have been calculated theoretically.
Shayan Shero Ahmed; Mand Ibrahim Dizayee
Abstract
Due to urbanization, it has been found that public open spaces shared in the city is not maintained in many cases, as new investments are trying to get use of the land to construct more buildings, same tendency has been noticed with residential estates. The treatment for the shortages of public open ...
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Due to urbanization, it has been found that public open spaces shared in the city is not maintained in many cases, as new investments are trying to get use of the land to construct more buildings, same tendency has been noticed with residential estates. The treatment for the shortages of public open spaces can be achieved by providing sufficient private open spaces in housing estates. Furthermore, it is important for the designers to consider the dwelling layout to provide the best environment for the residents; this will be through maintaining high level of household satisfaction. One main element of household satisfaction is open spaces. In this research paper, private open space assessments in 4 investment projects with 98 samples were approached in Erbil. To investigate and examine how the exterior environment of the dwellings affects the residents’ satisfaction, based on plot size and number of bedrooms that been performed by survey on selected projects through documentation survey and questionnaire. The evaluation had been performed through two stages, first the technical assessment according to Iraqi standards, and second resident’s response regarding satisfaction level. The research objectives obtained using SPSS software, through using descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis, the results of the research discovered that all the projects except Minara B were in the range of Iraqi standards, slightly above minimum level. Moreover, the level of overall satisfaction with these projects started from neutral to slightly satisfied, but residents have responded that they need some more parts of private open spaces.
ghaidaa kareem rahi; Dhafer Abdul Amir Hamzah
Abstract
This study reveals the increase in heat transfer using passive and active techniques for BFS. Backward-
facing step (BFS) flow is one example of a representative model for separation flows which has been
noted in its applications in engine flows, vehicles, condensers, heat transfer systems, and flow ...
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This study reveals the increase in heat transfer using passive and active techniques for BFS. Backward-
facing step (BFS) flow is one example of a representative model for separation flows which has been
noted in its applications in engine flows, vehicles, condensers, heat transfer systems, and flow around
structures, aerodynamic flows. To learn about the importance of backward-facing step flow from a
theoretical and engineering perspective, this work provides a comprehensive review of heat transfer and
flow results of forced convection flow with passive and active techniques in a channel containing flow
separation and subsequent reconnection. The objective of the research was to give a synopsis of the effects
of several parameters, such as the Prandtl number, Reynolds number, nanoparticle volume fraction,
Hartmann number, tilt angle, buoyancy force, and Coriolis force. The objective of the research was to give a synopsis of the effects of several parameters, such as the Prandtl number, Reynolds number, nanoparticle volume fraction,
Hartmann number, tilt angle, buoyancy force, and Coriolis force.
Sarraa B. Younis; Dhuha A. Al-kazzaz
Abstract
The emergence and spread of digital technology in architectural design and professional practice has resulted in a restructuring of architectural education. Different approaches have emerged to integrate digital design into architectural curricula. This paper aims to identify accredited digital design ...
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The emergence and spread of digital technology in architectural design and professional practice has resulted in a restructuring of architectural education. Different approaches have emerged to integrate digital design into architectural curricula. This paper aims to identify accredited digital design courses and the nature of the content provided to enhance students’ knowledge and skills. The research problem revealed the diverse and different ways to integrate digital design into architectural education curricula in general, and there is no clear vision of the knowledge content of digital design courses. The research questions were determined to investigate the main aspects of digital design courses, the types of knowledge provided, and the levels of knowledge provision for these courses. To answer the questions, the study adopted a conceptual analysis of the published literature on university experiences in teaching digital design courses. The content of these courses was analyzed and revealed that the types of provided content ranges from preparing design projects at different scales, conducting exercises on implementing digital models, or presenting purely theoretical knowledge. The levels of implementing computer technology in teaching digital design range from representative, formative, generative, performative, and manufacturing levels. The relationships between traditional design education and digital design education are found in three ways: the digital design education replaces the traditional design education, the parallel application of both traditional and digital design paths or adopting digital design education later after traditional design education.
Ansam Akeel Mohammed
Abstract
Air-conditioning systems (ACs) are essential in hot and humid climates to ensure acceptable ambient air quality as well as thermal comfort for buildings users. It is essential to improve refrigeration system performance without increasing the effects of global warming potential (GWP) and ozone depletion ...
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Air-conditioning systems (ACs) are essential in hot and humid climates to ensure acceptable ambient air quality as well as thermal comfort for buildings users. It is essential to improve refrigeration system performance without increasing the effects of global warming potential (GWP) and ozone depletion potential (ODP). The main objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of an air conditioning system that operates with a liquid suction heat exchanger (LSHX) through implementing refrigerants with zero OPD and low GWP (i.e., R134a and R1234yf). Liquid suction heat exchanger (LSHX) was added to an automobile air conditioning system (AACS).When Liquid suction heat exchanger was added to the cycle, primary results indicated that an enhancement in the cycle coefficient performance (COP) by 25.2 %and 17.3% for R134a and R1234yf respectively, and decreasing in mass flow rate of the refrigerants used (m ̇_r). Also increasing in refrigeration effect (RE) by 4.2% and 2.3% for R134a and R1234yf respectively. Presence of LSHX caused increasing in heat rejected by condenser (Qcond.) according to increasing in sub-cooling degree and decreasing in compressor work (Wcomp.), increasing in condenser exergy destruction (X. des. cond.) and thermostatic expansion device (TXV) exergy destruction, but decreasing in compressor and evaporator. Summary of previous experimental and numerical studies is presented as well.
ali faris faris; hassan mahmood kasim
Abstract
The identity of Islamic cities is distinctly manifested through their congregational mosques, primarily characterized by their continuous and stable function. The performance of a mosque is intricately linked to a set of religious, organizational, regulatory, structural, and economic determinants. Furthermore, ...
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The identity of Islamic cities is distinctly manifested through their congregational mosques, primarily characterized by their continuous and stable function. The performance of a mosque is intricately linked to a set of religious, organizational, regulatory, structural, and economic determinants. Furthermore, it is closely tied to the functional and architectural attributes of its elements and spaces. The historical congregational mosques in the Islamic world have predominantly adhered to the architectural model of the Prophet's Mosque, characterized by its rectangular form. In modern mosques, various factors such as technological advancements, cultural and scientific influences, and social and humanitarian considerations have led to architectural trends and stylistic innovations. These innovations have aimed to enhance the efficiency and performance of congregational mosques, one of which is the octagonal form. The research problem centered on the utilization of the octagonal shape and its adaptability in the context of the congregational mosques in the city of Mosul and its suitability for optimal mosque functioning. The research sought to elucidate the appropriateness of employing the octagonal form in congregational mosques by analyzing samples with octagonal layouts in Mosul. This analysis involved renovation, modification, and additions to investigate the extent to which this form influenced the characteristics of the mosque. The research concluded that all octagonal layouts had undergone modifications and expansions to rectify the unsuitable layout, indicating that the octagonal form is foreign to the traditional mosque typology. Furthermore, it is subject to additional alterations to accommodate the functional and architectural requirements of the congregational mosque.
Abbas Tuaima
Abstract
The integration of nanofluid effects and channel shape effects in a heat sink, which exhibits both variable and constant cross-section, has gained significant traction as an efficient cooling method for thermal devices, particularly micro electronic devices. This research presents an experimental and ...
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The integration of nanofluid effects and channel shape effects in a heat sink, which exhibits both variable and constant cross-section, has gained significant traction as an efficient cooling method for thermal devices, particularly micro electronic devices. This research presents an experimental and numerical analysis to compare the performance of microchannel heat sink designs (straight, zigzag, wavy, and circular cavity). In addition, the study dealt with the use of pure water and nanofluid (CuO-H2O) with volumetric concentrations of (0.01, 0.02, and 0.03) as coolants. Comsol Multiphysics was used for numerical analysis to simulate and solve The problem of fluid and heat flow in 3D. The bottom wall of the four micro-channels is subjected to a steady heat flux of 170 kW/m2. The simulations were only performed within the laminar domain, encompassing a spectrum of Reynolds numbers ranging from 50 to 150. The influence on the microchannel's wall temperature, thermal resistance, pressure drop, and friction factor is exhibited. According to the findings, the wavy and zigzag microchannel heat sink cooled by nanofluid displays higher performance in terms of heat transmission and dissipation in comparison to the heat sink that was cooled by distilled water. as evidenced by a 12% increase in nusselt number at volume concentrations of 0.03%.
Rahmah Luqman Ibrahim; Abdulrahman Habbo Mohammed
Abstract
Recently, simple cycle play a significant role in electric power production in Iraq. However, those units suffer from low thermal efficiency and low power output. In the present work, theoretical study is carried out aiming to improve the performance of (AL-Amara station 125MW). The present work includes ...
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Recently, simple cycle play a significant role in electric power production in Iraq. However, those units suffer from low thermal efficiency and low power output. In the present work, theoretical study is carried out aiming to improve the performance of (AL-Amara station 125MW). The present work includes three parts: the first part focus on the effect of ambient temperature on the performance of simple cycle including mass flow rate, power output, thermal efficiency and other parameters. In the second parts, a modification to simple cycle is implanted to be a combined cycle. The third part is studied the benefit of using solar unit for producing more steam to be supplied to the heat recovery steam generator wishing to produce more power and low emissing. Regarding, to simple gas turbine unit, the obtained results show that the mass flow rate is decreased nearly (10.8%) when the ambient temperature increased from (15-50) ºC. However, this reduction in mass flow rate of air is led to significant reduction in power output and thermal efficiency nearly (22.6%,13.2%) respectively. In the second parts, applying combine mode show a significant increase in power output and thermal efficiency nearly (32.5% and 32.3%) respectively. while the specific fuel consumption is decrease nearly (32.19%). Finally, the third parts when solar units are used, the gathered results show an acceptable increase for the amount of steam produced via solar units (21.02kg/s). The overall performance of the integrated cycle shows that the power output and the thermal efficiency increased nearly (11.28%and10%).
Mohammed Nsaif Abbas
Abstract
This article delves into the intricate dynamics of groundwater flow within duct systems, examining both critical and sub-critical flow conditions. Employing mathematical models, sophisticated potential methodologies, numerical simulations, and flow net analysis, the research ...
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This article delves into the intricate dynamics of groundwater flow within duct systems, examining both critical and sub-critical flow conditions. Employing mathematical models, sophisticated potential methodologies, numerical simulations, and flow net analysis, the research investigates the behaviour of the phreatic surface under varying flow coefficients m and slope angles θ. Noteworthy discoveries include the significant influence of the flow coefficient on the curvature and deflection of the phreatic surface, with higher m values resulting in steeper slopes. Additionally, the study emphasizes that changes in slope angle θ impact the interface's shape, leading to variations in flow depth. Innovative visualizations incorporating streamlines and velocity potential contours offer insights into flow patterns, recirculation zones, and potential turbulence areas. These critical finding supply essential insights for enhancing environmental strategies, optimizing water resource management, and improving the efficiency of fluid systems. The study emphasises how important it is to use flow net analysis and thoroughly investigate critical and sub-critical flow scenarios in order to handle issues related to groundwater management and sustainability. Stakeholder can enhance their capacity for fluid system optimization by applying these analytical tools, leading to improved environmental outcomes and informed decision-making
ALi sadoon mohmmad
Abstract
Fuels based on petroleum have been used for many years. However, as the world strives to protect the environment, clean and renewable energy is becoming more sought after. Diesel fuel can be replaced with biodiesel and alcohol. One of the advantages of these fuels is that they are renewable and locally ...
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Fuels based on petroleum have been used for many years. However, as the world strives to protect the environment, clean and renewable energy is becoming more sought after. Diesel fuel can be replaced with biodiesel and alcohol. One of the advantages of these fuels is that they are renewable and locally produced. This study prepared different fuel mixes using pure Iraqi diesel as a reference and an air-cooled, single-cylinder, compression-ignition diesel engine. In this study, an experimental investigation is conducted to introduce biofuel-heavy alcohol blends as alternatives to Iraqi high-sulfur diesel. In order to produce D80B20, diesel, and biodiesel made from used cooking oil were combined. Higher alcohols (hexanol and butanol) were also added to this mixture in a 10% ratio. The engine was operated at a speed of 2500 rpm and with various loads ranging from 4 kW to 10 kW to assess its exhaust emissions. In comparison to diesel, CO levels in exhaust emissions were reduced by 29.23%, 23.59%, and 13.85%, respectively, in the tested blends, while CO2 levels were raised by 23.26%, 16.86%, and8.56%, respectively. Reductions of 25.88%, 42.35%, and 11.76%, were observed in HC concentrations. D80B10HEX10 and D80B10BU10 showed reductions of 5.7% and 3.8% in NOx emissions, while an increase of 3.5% was observed using D80B20.
Fouz D Alqazweeny
Abstract
Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is a critical step in upgrading biomass-derived feed-stocks to renewable fuels and valuable chemicals. Thus, we preserve the environment through the use of agricultural waste. Water plays the role of solvent, reactant, or byproduct in biomass HDO reactions catalyzed by Co/HB ...
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Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is a critical step in upgrading biomass-derived feed-stocks to renewable fuels and valuable chemicals. Thus, we preserve the environment through the use of agricultural waste. Water plays the role of solvent, reactant, or byproduct in biomass HDO reactions catalyzed by Co/HB zeolite catalysts. The hydrodeoxygenation of linoleic acid was examined in this contribution in a patch-packed-bed reactor with a beta zeolite range of (5-15) mg catalyst at a temperature range of 230-300 K and throughout 2-3 h. Linoleic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid, was used in this work to create hydrocarbons in the diesel range, as well as to clarify the impacts of zeolite quantity, temperature, and time on the product yield to produce biofuels from Linoleic acid by hydrodeoxygenation in the high-pressure reactor in the presence of the catalyst, the products characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on the results of optimization, it was determined that the hydrodeoxygenation reaction primarily eliminated the oxygen atoms from fatty acids. The yield of the intended products was 96.2% at the Co/HB zeolite amount (10% wt), high reaction temperature (270 ºC), and time (150 min) conditions.
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