Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
Department of Architecture Engineering, College of Engineering, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Abstract
Due to urbanization, it has been found that in many cases public open spaces in the city are not maintained, as new investments are trying to make use of the land to construct more buildings The shortage of public open spaces can be treated by providing a sufficient amount of private open spaces in housing estates. Furthermore, the designers need to consider the dwelling layout to provide the best environment for the residents; this will maintain a high level of household satisfaction. One main element of household satisfaction is open spaces. In this research paper, private open space assessments in 4 investment projects with 98 samples in Erbil were considered. To investigate and examine how the exterior environment of the dwellings affects the residents’ satisfaction, based on plot size and number of bedrooms, surveys were performed on selected projects through documentation surveys and questionnaires. Then the evaluation was performed through two stages, firstly the technical assessment stage according to Iraqi standards, and secondly the residents’ response stage regarding satisfaction levels. The research objectives were obtained using SPSS software, through the use of descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis. The results of the research discovered that all the projects except Minara B were slightly above the minimum level, thus in the range of Iraqi standards. Moreover, the level of overall satisfaction with these projects ranged from neutral to slightly satisfied, with the residents’ responses stating that they needed more private open spaces.
Keywords
- Azad, S.P., Morinaga, R. and Kobayashi, H., 2018. Effect of housing layout and open space morphology on residential environments–applying new density indices for evaluation of residential areas case study: Tehran, Iran. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 17(1), pp.79-86. https://doi.org/10.3130/jaabe.17.79
- Derya Oktay, 2010, The meaning and use of open spaces in housing areas: residents’ responses in Northern Cyprus, The Journal of Architecture and Planning, Istanbul, Turkey, 1997. DOI:53700/jrap01120013
- Elena g. Irwin and Nancy e. Bockstael’s, 2001, The problem of identifying land use spillovers: Measuring the effects of open space on residential property values, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, , 698-704. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1245102
- Fronczek-Munter, Aneta. (2017). Evaluation methods for hospital facilities. International Journal Facilities Management, 12th EuroFM Research Symposim, Prague, Czech Republic. ISSN 1365-702X
- Yang and Y. Zhu, "Customer satisfaction theory applied in the housing industry: An empirical study of low-priced housing in Beijing," in Tsinghua Science and Technology, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 667-674, Dec. 2006, Doi: 10.1016/S1007-0214(06)70249-8
- Griggs, D., Stafford-Smith, M., Gaffney, O. et al.Sustainable development goals for people and planet. Nature 495, 305–307 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/495305a
- Adesoji David Jiboye, Post-occupancy evaluation of residential satisfaction in Lagos, Nigeria: Feedback for residential improvement, Frontiers of Architectural Research, Volume 1, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 236-243, ISSN 2095-2635, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2012.08.001.
- Jensen, K., and E. Arens, 2005. Acoustical Quality in Office Workstations, as Assessed by Occupant Surveys. Proceedings, Indoor Air 2005, Sept. 4-9, Beijing, China. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0zm2z3jg
- Merriman, P., Jones, M., Olsson, G., Sheppard, E., Thrift, N., & Tuan, Y.-F. (2012). Space and spatiality in theory. Dialogues in Human Geography, 2(1), 3-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/2043820611434864.
- Robert Whitten, Open Space in Residential Buildings, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 155, Part 2: Zoning in the United States (May 1931), pp. 105-107, Published By: Sage Publications, Inc. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1018861
- Preiser, Wolfgang. The evolution of post-occupancy evaluation: Toward building performance and universal design evaluation. Learning from Our Buildings: A State-of-the-Practice Summary of Post-Occupancy Evaluation. Federal facilities council technical report, 2001.
- Rashid, S., Mustafa, F., Yaseen, F. (2024). 'Using the golden ratio in detecting the aesthetics of Mosque facades: The case of contemporary Mosques in Erbil city', Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences, 17(1), pp. 22-28. doi: 10.30772/qjes.2023.141688.1007
- Rakhshandehroo Mehhdi, Mohd Yusof Mohd Johari and Sahrakar Afshin, 2017, Terminology of Urban Open and Green Spaces, Conference: 11th ASEAN Postgraduate Seminar, APGS, Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya, Malaysia, 2017.
- Azad, S. P., Morinaga, R., & Kobayashi, H. (2018). Effect of Housing Layout and Open Space Morphology on Residential Environments–Applying New Density Indices for Evaluation of Residential Areas Case Study: Tehran, Iran. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 17(1), 79–86. https://doi.org/10.3130/jaabe.17.79
- Roger Trancik, Finding Lost Space: Theories of Urban Design, Wiley, 1991. Richard Stiles, Stefan Pauleit, Katrin Hagen, Beatrix Gasienica, Tanja Tötzer, Heidi Trimmel, Mario Köstl, Urban heat islands effects and adapting open spaces–a Vienna case study, Environmental Sustainability, Urban Fabric In Vienna.
- Limsombunchai, Visit, Gan, Christopher and Lee, Minsoo, 2004, House Price Prediction: Hedonic Price Model vs. Artificial Neural Network, American Journal of Applied Sciences, v1, No. 3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2004.193.201
- l-Noori, Walaa Abdulla (1987) Environmental design evaluation of multi-family housing in Baghdad : users satisfaction with the external areas.PhD thesis, University of Sheffield. https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5992/
- Wang, H., Dai, X., Wu, J. et al.Influence of urban green open space on residents’ physical activity in China. BMC Public Health19, 1093 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7416-7.
- Wendy Sarkissian, Rebecca Bateman and Brendan Hurley, 2013, Open space in medium-density housing guidelines for planning and design. Sarkissian, Australia.
- Arif Jasim, H., Subhi Ramadan, A., Ibrahem Mahmood, A. (2021). 'The formation of invisible architecture according to environmental tendencies techniques', Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences, 14(3), pp. 179-192. https://doi.org/10.30772/qjes.v14i3.790
)
