Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
- Ahmed Hasoon Ali 1
- Faiza E. Gharib 2
- Ihsan Alauldden Merawy 3
- Helen N. Onyeaka 4
- Zainab T. Al-Sharify 4, 5, 6
1 Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq.
2 Nursing College, Al-Esraa University College, Iraq.
3 The Ministry of Oil, Karbala Refinery, Iraq.
4 School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
5 Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Al-Mustansiriya, P.O. Box 14150, Baghdad, Iraq
6 Pharmacy Department, Al Hikma University, Baghdad, Iraq
Abstract
This study aims to assess the potential of water hyacinth (WH) in treating wastewater and its viability for co-digestion with municipal solid waste to achieve zero waste treatment by generating methane biogas. A batch flow reactor treated wastewater, evaluating nine parameters (NO3, PO4, BOD5, Turbidity, Chromium, Cadmium, Lead, Calcium, and Magnesium). The highest removal efficiencies were observed for NO3 (94.13%), PO4 (75.85%), BOD5 (100%), Turbidity (93.86%), Chromium (94.3%), Cadmium (94.93%), Lead (91.33%), Calcium (41.42%), and Magnesium (43.13%). The pH ranged from 7.82 to 7.44. Methane biogas production was examined using anaerobic digesters with varying ratios of carbon-based waste and WH, along with pH, temperature, and total solid content variations. The optimal methane biogas production ratio was found to be 1:3 for WH and solid waste at 35°C, 10% total solids, and a pH of 7.5, resulting in the highest cumulative methane generation of 1039.80 mL/gm vs. The Gompertz model accurately described methane biogas generation with a yield of 1083.088 mL/gm vs., supported by a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.999. The kinetics of the biodegradation process were evaluated using a first-order kinetic model. The negative value of k (-0.2364) suggests a rapid solid waste biodegradation, with a high correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9971. Numerous correlations were employed to enhance the production of methane, yielding a correlation coefficient of 91.36%.
Keywords
- Anunputtikul, W., and Rodtong, S., (2004), "Laboratory Scale Experiments for Biogas Production from Cassava Tubers". The Joint International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environment (SEE), Hua Hin, Thailand .https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55609367
- APHA, American Public Health Association (2003). "Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater". 20th ed. Washington DC, USA.
- Bah, M., Dai, H., Zhao, J., Sun, H., Cao, F., Zhao, G., and Wu, F. (2011). "Effect Of Cadmium, Chromium And Lead On Growth, Metal Uptake And Antioxidaative Capacity In Typha Angustifolia". Biol Trace Elem Res.142:77-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-010-8746-6
- Budiyono, I. N., Widiasa, S. Johari and Sunarso, (2010)," The Kinetic of Biogas Production Rate from Cattle Manure in Batch Mode", International Journal of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Vol. 3, pp. 39-44. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:7397121
- Debing , , Baoqing, S., Hong, Z., and Jianming , H. (2010). "Chemical Oxygen Demand, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal by Subsurface Wetlands with Phragmites Vegetation in Different Models" .Eng .Life Sci. 10(2): 177-183. https://doi.org/10.1002/elsc.200900049
- Eltawil M.A and Belal, B.A., (2009), "Evaluation and Scrubbing of Biogas Generation from Agricultural Wastes and Water Hyacinth Biological Engineering", Misr Journal Ag. Eng., Vol. 26, pp. 534 –560. 21608/mjae.2020.110170
- Hansen, K.H., Angelidaki, I., and Ahring, B.K., (1998), "Anaerobic Digestion of Swine Manure: Inhibition by Ammonia" Water Res., Vol. 32, pp. 5-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(97)00201-7
- Ghanim Najeeb, R., Abbar, A. H. (2021). 'Treatment of Al-Dewaniya hospital wastewater by electrocoagulation method using SS/Fe electrodes', Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences, 14(2), pp. 128-136. doi: 10.30772/qjes.v14i2.768
- Jagadish, H., Malourdu, A.R., Muralidhara, P.L., Desai, S.M., and Mahadeva, G.K., (2012), "Kinetics of Anaerobic Digestion of Water Hycinth using Poultry Litter as Inoculums", International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, Vol. 3, p. 2. 7763/IJESD.2012.V3.195
- Kale, S.P., and Mehele, S.T., (2008), "kitchen waste based biogas plant", Nuclear agriculture and Biotechnology, Vol. 11, pp. 51-56.
- Lay J.J., Li Y.Y., Noike, T, Endo, J., and Ishimoto, S., (1997), "Analysis of Environmental Factors Affecting Methane Production from High-solids Carbon-based Waste", Water Sci. Technology, Vol. 3, pp. 493-500.
- Ghanim, A. (2023). 'Utilization of date pits derived Bio-adsorbent for heavy metals in wastewater treatment: Review', Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences, 16(1), pp. 58-69. doi: 10.30772/qjes.v16i1.910
- Nuhu, M., Mujahid, M.M., Aminu, A.H., Abbas, A.J., Babangida, D., Tsunatu, D.Y., Aminu, Y.Z., Mustapha, Y., Ahmed, I., and Onukak, I.E., (2013), "Optimum Design Parameter Determination of Biogas Digester using Human Faeces Feedstock", Journal of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science (JCEMS); Academic Journals, Vol.14, pp. 46-49.DOI: 5897/JCEMS2013.0158
- Raj, M.A., Shankar, B.B., Ramya, M.C., and Ramya, R., (2010), "Kinetics Study on Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Water Hyacinth with Primary Sludge", International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, Vol. 55, pp. 122-128.DOI: 1109/GTEC.2011.6167658
- Reddy, R. and Smith, W. H.(1987). "Aquatic Plants For Water Treatment And Resource Recovery". Magnolia Publishing, Inc., Orlando, Florida, pp 234.
- Richardson, D.L. and Diagger, D.T. (1984), "Aquaculture: The Hercales Experience", J. Env. Eng. Div., ASCE, Vol. 110, EE5, 949-960.
- Sanchez, E.R., Borja, R., Travieso, L., Martin, A., and Colmenarvejo, M.F., (2005),"Effect of Carbon-based Loading Rate on Stability, Operational Parameters and Performance of a Secondary Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed Reactor Treating Piggery Waste", Bio resource Technology, Vol. 96, pp. 335-344.
- Stottmeister, , Wiessner, A., Kuschk, P., Kappelmeyer, U., Kastner, M., Bederski, O., Muller, R.A. and Moormann, H. (2003). "Effects Of Plants And Microorganisms In Constructed Wetlands For Wastewater Treatment". Biotechnol. Adv., 22, 93–117.
- Stout ,L.M; Nusslein (2005). "Shifts In Rhizoplane Communities Of Aquatic Plants After Cadmium Exposure". Applied Environmental Microbiology 71 , 2484- 2492. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.71.5.2484-2492.2005
- Upadhyay, A, R. (2004). "Aquatic Plants For The Wastewater Treatment". DAYA PUBLISHING HOUSE, Delhi, pp.175.
- Verma, S., (2002), "Anaerobic Digestion of Biodegradable Carbon-baseds in Public Solid waste", Columbia, New York.
- Visvanathan, C., Trankler, J., and Glawe, M., (2006), "Public Solid Waste Management in Asia, A Comparative Analysis. Tenth International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium S. Margherita di Pula, Cagliari, Italy.
- Weber, A.S. and Tchobanoglous, G. (1989). "Rational Design Parameters For Ammonia Conversion In Water Hyacinth Treatment System", J. Env. Eng. Div., ASCE, Vol. 111, EE5, 699-713.
- Yogita, S., Sumit, K.B., and Radhika S., (2012), " Evaluation of Biogas Production from Solid Waste using Pretreatment Method in Anaerobic Condition" Int. J. Emerg. Sci., Vol. 2, pp.405-414,
- Yusuf, M.O.L., Debora, A., and Ogheneruona, D.E., (2011), "Ambient Temperature Kinetic Assessment of Biogas Production from Co-digestion of Horse and Cow Dung", Res. Agr. Eng., Vol. 57, pp. 97–104.
- Zhu, B., Gikas, P., Zhang, R., Lord, J., Jenkins, B., and Li, X., (2009), "Characteristics and biogas production potential of public solid wastes pretreated with a rotary drum reactor", Bio resource Technol. Vol. 100, pp. 1122–1129.
)
