Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences

A numerical analysis of the characteristics of diesel-powered engines working on waste plastic oil blends: Base compromising

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Saif Aldeen Haider Ameer 1
Mohamed F. Al-Dawody 1
Jaedaa Abdulhamid 2

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq.

2 Department of Marine Engineering, Lattakia University, Lattakia, Syria.

10.30772/qjes.2025.158548.1527
Abstract
The current study's objective is to use Diesel-RK simulation software to numerically assess the effects of employing waste plastic oil blends on the thermal characteristics of diesel engines. Each autonomous zone's governing equations are solved using the multi-zone combustion model. Six distinct volumetric mixes were used to analyze the engine's characteristics of waste plastic oil (10%, 20%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 100%) as a comparison to the standard diesel case. The data collected showed a slight decrease in pressure and heat release for all waste plastic oil blends compared to pure diesel fuel. The Sauter mean diameter of droplets increased by 0.91%, 1.85%, 2.68%, 4.35%,5.74% and 7.1% for 10%, 20%,30%, 50%, 70%, and 100\% waste plastic oil (WPO), respectively. The slightly lower cetane number of WPO compared to fossil diesel resulted in a longer ignition delay, resulting in a slightly later combustion start. Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased by 2.2%, 4.1%, 5.86%, 9.23%, 15.14%, and 15.960% for 10%, 20%,30%, 50%, 70%, and 100% WPO, respectively, because of differences in density, viscosity, and heat content, respectively. A significant drop in the Bosch Smoke Number (BSN) was observed with 30% and 50% WPO, reporting reductions by 2.86% and 4.55%, respectively. The lowest increase in particulate matter was 1.96% and 2.87% for 30% and 50% WPO biodiesel blends. A higher biodiesel content resulted in lower NOx emissions compared to diesel. The findings suggest that 30% WPO is the optimal blend recommended for use in a diesel engine without alteration, which aligns with the results from other studies.

Keywords

Diesel-RK
Waste plastic oil (WPO)
Diesel engine
NOx Emissions
Numerical results
Thermal characteristics
Crossmark
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Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences
Volume 19, Issue 1
Winter 2026
Pages 87-97

  • Receive Date 22 January 2025
  • Revise Date 03 October 2025
  • Accept Date 10 December 2025

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