Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
- Ying Chi Tan 1
- Muhammad Hafeez bin Abdul Nasir 1
- Ahmad Sanusi Hassan 1
- Jestin Nordin 1
- Yasser Arab 2
- Mohammad Dolok Lubis 3
1 School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Malaysia.
2 Department of Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Oman.
3 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 20155 Medan, Indonesia.
Abstract
The design of educational building has become increasingly important concurrently due to the needs interactive and engaging spaces for improved students’ academic performance. Conventional design of educational spaces invariably lack design aspects that facilitate engagement. Therefore, it has become the aim of this research to evaluate the spatial configuration a veterinary institute, based on the space syntax analysis from the spectrum of the level of wayfinding and permeability. The case study of this research is Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine an institutional building that is a globally renowned in the veterinary industry. Being at the forefront of research into animal well-being and the prevention of infectious diseases, the building's design emphasises providing cutting-edge educational spaces and fostering innovative curricula for educating future practitioners and researchers while also extending vital support to communities worldwide. The study uses the justified graph and visual graph analysis (VGA) based on DepthMapX software to identify the level of permeability and wayfinding of the designed spaces. The analysis demonstrates that a majority of the areas covered in the case study building have moderate integration levels and between high and moderate connectivity levels. Highly integrated and connected spaces are important in spatial design of educational institutions in providing allowing for cross-disciplinary collaboration and outstanding students’ engagement. In essence, the outcome of the study demonstrates the selected building typology case study building has a well-designed spatial configuration that emphasises the building’s main users.
Keywords
- J. Ostwald, The mathematics of spatial configuration: Revisiting, revising and critiquing justified plan graph theory. Nexus Network Journal, 13, (2011) 445-470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00004-011-0075-3
- A. Mustafa, & A.S. Hassan, Mosque layout design: An analytical study of mosque layouts in the early Ottoman period. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 2(4), (2013) 445-456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2013.08.005
- Turner, M. Doxa, D. O'sullivan, & A. Penn, From isovists to visibility graphs: a methodology for the analysis of architectural space. Environment and Planning B: Planning and design, 28(1), (2001) 103-121. https://doi.org/10.1068/b2684
- Alonso de Andrade, M. Berghauser Pont, & L. Amorim, Development of a measure of permeability between private and public space. Urban Science, 2(3), (2018) 87. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci2030087
- S. Chee, M.H. Abdul Nasir, A.S. Hassan, Y. Arab, & B. Witchayangkoon, Aal Configuration of a Museum Typology with a Case of the Audain Art Museum Canada. 14(1) (2022) 1-15. https://doi.org/10.14456/ITJEMAST.2023.14
- S. Hassan, (2004). Issues in sustainable development of architecture in Malaysia. Universiti Sains Malaysia.
- Hillier, & J. Hanson, (1984). The Social Logic of Space. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- R. Ooi, A.S. Hassan, M.H. Abdul Nasir, & H.S. Basher, Users’ Legibility on a Proposed Affordable Township for B40 and M40 Income Fishing Community at Kuala Kedah, Malaysia. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 519, p. 01002). EDP Sciences. (2024) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451901002
- Khozaei Ravari, A.S. Hassan, M. H. Abdul Nasir, & M. Taheri, The development of residential spatial configuration for visual privacy in Iranian dwellings, a space syntax approach. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 42(4) (2022) 672-703. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-05-2021-0080
- Lynch, (1960). The image of the environment. The image of the city, 11, 1-13.
- Lynch, (1981). Access. A Theory of Good City Form, 193-222.
- A. Abd Rahaman, A.S. Hassan, A. Ali, & B. Witchayangkoon, Analysis On Users’ Level of Permeability and Wayfinding in Waste Recovery Facility’s Factory. International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 10(10), (2019) 1-16. https://doi.org/10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.132
- Asif, N. Utaberta, A.B. Sabil, & S. Ismail, Reflection of cultural practices on syntactical values: An introduction to the application of space syntax to vernacular Malay architecture. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 7(4) (2018) 521-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2018.08.005
- Hillier, (2007). Space is the machine: a configurational theory of architecture. Space Syntax.
- A. Ahmad Fuad, M.H. Abdul Nasir, Y. Arab, A.S. Hassan, B. Witchayangkoon, & W. Beitelmal, The Space Syntax Study on The Baltic Station Market of Estonia. 14(1) (2022) 1-14. https://doi.org/10.14456/ITJEMAST.2023.17
- ArchDaily (2019). Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine / WEISS/MANFREDI https://www.archdaily.com/930324/cornell-university-college-of-veterinary-medicine-weiss-manfredi
- (2023). Colleges and Universities. https://www.visitithaca.com/things-to-do/colleges-and-universities/
- A. Abdul Nasir, A.S. Hassan, F. Khozaei, & M.H. Abdul Nasir, Investigation of spatial configuration management on social distancing of recreational clubhouse for COVID-19 in Penang, Malaysia. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 39(5), (2021) 782-810. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBPA-08-2020-0072
- Joshi, S. Kale, S. Chandel, & D.K. Pal, (2015). Likert scale: Explored and explained. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 7(4) 396-403. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2015/14975
- Yusoff, A.S. Hassan, A. Ali, & B. Witchayangkoon, (2019). Public space and private space configuration in integrated multifunctional reservoir: case of marina barrage, Singapore. International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 10(9), (2019) 1-12. https://doi.org/10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.117
- L. Ooi, A.S. Hassan, Y. Arab, & B. Witchayangkoon, Permeability and Wayfinding Analysis on Putuo Mountain New Passenger Transportation Centre. International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 14(1), (2023) 1-15. https://doi.org/10.14456/ITJEMAST.2023.19
- Bendjedidi, Y. Bada, & R. Meziani, Open spaces: spatial configuration, visibility analysis and use. International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 6(4) (2018) 93–109. https://doi.org/10.14246/irspsd.6.4_93
- Van Nes, C. Yamu, Space Syntax Applied in Urban Practice. In: Introduction to Space Syntax in Urban Studies. Springer, Cham. (2021) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59140-3_7
- H. Lee, M.J. Ostwald, & L. Zhou, Socio-Spatial Experience in Space Syntax Research: A PRISMA-Compliant Review. Buildings, 13(3), (2023) 644. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030644
- Iftikhar, P. Shah, & Y. Luximon, Human wayfinding behaviour and metrics in complex environments: a systematic literature review. Architectural Science Review, 64(5),(2021) 452-463. https://doi.org/10.1080/00038628.2020.1777386
- E. Pouyan, A. Ghanbaran, & A. Shakibamanesh, Impact of circulation complexity on hospital wayfinding behavior (Case study: Milad 1000-bed hospital, Tehran, Iran). Journal of Building Engineering, 44, (2021) 102931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102931
- M. Wiener, S. J. Büchner, & C. Hölscher, (2009). Taxonomy of human wayfinding tasks: A knowledge-based approach. Spatial Cognition & Computation, 9 (2), (2009) 152-165. https://doi.org/10.1080/13875860902906496
- M. Khotbehsara, R. Askarizad, M. Mehrinejad, S. N. Nasab, & K. Somasundaraswaran, The impact of COVID-19 on visitors' wayfinding within healthcare centers. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 14(5), (2023) 101957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2022.101957
- S Ali, & F.A. Mustafa, Active workplace–Association between workplace layout and physical activity among employees: A cross-sectional study. Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences, 16(1), (2023) 14-20. https://doi.org/10.30772/qjes.v16i1.842
- A. Hamad, & H.A. Husein, (2023). The types of spatial adaptability based on user preferences of low-income apartments in erbil city. Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.30772/qjes.v16i2.932
- M. Sabir, & F.A. Mustafa, Performance-based building design: Evaluation of the functional performance of the emergency department in Erbil city hospitals using patient feedback. Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences, 15(4) (2022). https://doi.org/10.30772/qjes.v15i4.887
- Sarıberberoğlu, M. T., & Ünlü, A. (2024). Understanding the Role of Spatial Configuration on Social Behavior in Educational Buildings. ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning, 12(2), 912-934. https://doi.org/10.15320/ICONARP.2024.310
- Mohammed, Y. E. (2009). Investigation of the Effect of Building Dielectric Parameters on Indoor Radio Channel Characteristics. Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal, 17(2), 35-42.
- Al-numman, R. S. (2009). Spatial Configuration properties of Islamic Palaces. Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal, 17(5), 91-108.
- Al-Jameel, A. H., Younis, M. D., & Hamed, R. M. (2013). Congregational Mosques Classification Using Pattern Recognition Method. Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal, 21(6), 71-87.
)
