Mukhalad Muayada; Hussein Jannaa
Abstract
One of the main problems in the city of Diwaniyah is finding suitable places for burying waste. Geographic Information System (GIS) is an appropriate tool used for this purpose. The city of Diwaniyah, like other Iraqi governorates, is not equipped with an organized system for burying urban waste. The ...
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One of the main problems in the city of Diwaniyah is finding suitable places for burying waste. Geographic Information System (GIS) is an appropriate tool used for this purpose. The city of Diwaniyah, like other Iraqi governorates, is not equipped with an organized system for burying urban waste. The main objective of this study is to find the optimal site for the landfill in Al-Diwaniyah City. For this purpose, and by using the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) known as the Analytical Hierarchy (AHP) in the GIS environment, eleven criteria were presented in the first phase according to international determinants and standards and in line with Iraqi standards. The environment, which is (river, slope, agricultural land use, groundwater, railways, power line, roads, soil types, city center, gas pipeline, and villages) through which a map was developed and produced for each standard using several tools and models in GIS environment, in the second phase, we resorted to the capacity improvement program matrix to assess the weights of the eleven criteria. The study concluded two landfill sites Using the spatial analysis tool "Weight Overlay", the first site is located at coordinate UTM (502241.5, 3537336.2) east of the city, with an area of about 18.89 km2, while the second site is located at coordinate UTM (503371, 3528215.7) to the south of the city, with an area of about 20.64 km2.
Manar A. Abdulrahman; Suha I. S. Al-Ali; Mohammed Nsaif Abbas
Abstract
This article delves into the intricate dynamics of groundwater flow within duct systems, examining both critical and sub-critical flow conditions. Employing mathematical models, sophisticated potential methodologies, numerical simulations, and flow net analysis, the research investigates ...
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This article delves into the intricate dynamics of groundwater flow within duct systems, examining both critical and sub-critical flow conditions. Employing mathematical models, sophisticated potential methodologies, numerical simulations, and flow net analysis, the research investigates the behaviour of the phreatic surface under varying flow coefficients and slope angles . Noteworthy discoveries include the significant influence of the flow coefficient on the curvature and deflection of the phreatic surface, with higher m values resulting in steeper slopes. Additionally, the study emphasizes that changes in slope angle θ impact the interface's shape, leading to variations in flow depth. Innovative visualizations incorporating streamlines and velocity potential contours offer insights into flow patterns, recirculation zones, and potential turbulence areas. These critical finding supply essential insights for enhancing environmental strategies, optimizing water resource management, and improving the efficiency of fluid systems. The study emphasises how important it is to use flow net analysis and thoroughly investigate critical and sub-critical flow scenarios in order to handle issues related to groundwater management and sustainability. Stakeholder can enhance their capacity for fluid system optimization by applying these analytical tools, leading to improved environmental outcomes and informed decision-making.
Shirin Rady; Adnan Al-Sibahy
Abstract
Reinforcement-concrete bond is a topic that has been extensively investigated with reference to normal concrete. Scanty attention, however, has been devoted so far to lightweight aggregate concrete, thus this study tries to cover this subject. The bond behaviour of steel bars in lightweight concrete ...
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Reinforcement-concrete bond is a topic that has been extensively investigated with reference to normal concrete. Scanty attention, however, has been devoted so far to lightweight aggregate concrete, thus this study tries to cover this subject. The bond behaviour of steel bars in lightweight concrete containing expanded clay and steel fibres is investigated for different types of fibrous reinforcement. Sixteen beam samples were prepared with deformed steel bars having diameters of either 12 mm or 25 mm and contained three types of steel fibres with (l⁄d) ratio equal to 60 (straight microfibres, hooked fibres or hybrid fibres). Preliminarily, the physical and mechanical properties of the mixtures (either plain or fibre-reinforced) were investigated, and comparisons were made with the provisions of Model Code 10. The addition of fibres increases concrete density up to 8%, concrete compressive strength up to 28% and tensile strength in bending up to 163%, especially in the case of hybrid fibres. The tests on bond in the beam samples show that bond strength is obviously affected by both the bonded embedded length and bar diameter. The larger the bar diameter, the lower the bond strength is obtained. Suitable amendments are suggested for some expressions proposed in MC 10 (CEB-FIP,2010).
Tahseen Ali Alazzawi; Hala Abdul karem Alsamer
Abstract
AR technique is one of the innovative techniques of our time, which is increasingly used in the field of architecture at several levels and for multiple purposes. One of these is to enhance public participation in architectural design in an easy and understandable way. Due to limited attention to this ...
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AR technique is one of the innovative techniques of our time, which is increasingly used in the field of architecture at several levels and for multiple purposes. One of these is to enhance public participation in architectural design in an easy and understandable way. Due to limited attention to this emerging technique in our local context, including the academic one in Iraqi universities, and the scarcity of research contributions addressing it, this paper explores the concept of AR, its utilizations in architecture, and its role in promoting public participation in design. Also, it involved developing a mobile AR app " BUMAR " and testing it in real-world settings, all with the goal of introducing this technology and exploring its potential to facilitate and achieve public participation in design. To achieve this, a proposed virtual model was created as a hypothetical building for the Petroleum Engineering Department, intended to be built. The model was exported to the app, which was shared on social media for the target audiences. The app was tested in displaying and evaluating the model, with experiments conducted over several days by students, faculty, and others. This was accompanied by a questionnaire to gather opinions on BUMAR 's effectiveness, specifically, and the importance of the AR technique in achieving understanding and interaction with the proposed design and its role in facilitating participation and expressing opinions. BUMAR achieved good results, as indicated by the questionnaire results showing acceptance, satisfaction, interaction, interest, requests for further development of the app, and willingness to participate in future augmented experiments. This supports the claim of the importance of AR technique and the success of BUMAR in explaining it to users, suggesting further development of the app and its use in evaluating real construction projects in the future.
Qabeela Thabit; Mohammed Alkhafaji; Bayadir Issa
Abstract
A design of compact filtering antenna which is suitable for modern wireless communication is proposed in this paper. This project is based on the integration of a microstrip monopole patch antenna and a bandpass filter, which has two dual-mode four-sided open-loop resonant circuits and a single feed ...
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A design of compact filtering antenna which is suitable for modern wireless communication is proposed in this paper. This project is based on the integration of a microstrip monopole patch antenna and a bandpass filter, which has two dual-mode four-sided open-loop resonant circuits and a single feed line. This design involves a couple of square open-loop resonators, which can create a pair of transmission by zeros, and in this method significantly boost the design's selectivity. As a confirmation of the hypothesis, For WiMAX applications, a filtering antenna technique has been explored, which operates in the 5.8 GHz range. by using CST Microwave Studio Suite simulator software Technology. The low-cost FR-4 substrate has been used to fabricate the filtering antenna prototype. According to the filter synthesis approach. In addition to radiating, the monopole patch antenna serves as a final resonator. This design shows good agreement between measured results and simulation results.
Ali Fahem; Zahraa Aqeel Adel Jassim
Abstract
The determination of the full-field (FF) of displacement and strain using the digital image correlation (DIC) method is a powerful and common technique in recent years and it is used in many mechanical experimental science labs in 2D and 3D applications. However, the measurement data is highly affected ...
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The determination of the full-field (FF) of displacement and strain using the digital image correlation (DIC) method is a powerful and common technique in recent years and it is used in many mechanical experimental science labs in 2D and 3D applications. However, the measurement data is highly affected by the heat, physical noise as well as specimen preparation and testing parameters setup. In this work, the experimental setup with extensive details of 2D-DIC is presented and utilized to measure the physical properties and stress concentration of open-hole of the well-known Aluminum alloy 6061-T6 subjected to uniaxial load. The FF displacement and strain components data are used within the elastic analytical theory to estimate the 2D-DIC error and the elastic properties of the specimen. The effect of the step, subset and strain filter size are presented. In general, the 2D-DIC results with optimum parameter setup show good agreement with the classical testing method. Also, the initial error is very small, and it can take off from the experimental data at the level of small deformation.
Saad S. Alrwashdeh
Abstract
This work creates a simulation-based scheme to optimize Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) in the maritime sector, focusing on the interim functions of thermal, water, and hydrogen pathways in defining efficiency and sustainability. Findings indicate that although peak efficiencies are close ...
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This work creates a simulation-based scheme to optimize Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) in the maritime sector, focusing on the interim functions of thermal, water, and hydrogen pathways in defining efficiency and sustainability. Findings indicate that although peak efficiencies are close to 0.90, dependable operation is limited to 0.84 -0.87, better than the hydration limit of 0.82 and worse than the thermal instability threshold of 0.88. The best hydrogen usage is between 70 -82 because lower percentages were tiger and higher percentages were almost 2 times higher rates of degradation when 0.006 V/1000h (harbour) and 0.012 V/1000h (sprint) were used in respectively. Mode comparison proves cruise operation at 91% net efficiency, 13% auxiliary demand, and 27% performance 27 % Excellent, 36% Good, 3% Fail, and sprinting is 86% efficiency and 16% auxiliaries with 27% Fail/Poor results. This study outsmarts the other studies by being the first to establish quantitative safe operation envelopes of maritime PEMFCs and provide a workable blueprint of sustainable deployment by integrating radar, multi-panel, and 3D threshold-based analysis.
Tabarek Mazin Makki; Ghufran M. Hatem; Maytham K. Abbas
Abstract
This article presents a survey on radar jamming and anti-jamming techniques. With the improvement of modern warfare technologies, electronic warfare faces increasingly challenging occurrences. Radar plays a crucial role in electronic warfare and is utilized in various applications such as air traffic ...
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This article presents a survey on radar jamming and anti-jamming techniques. With the improvement of modern warfare technologies, electronic warfare faces increasingly challenging occurrences. Radar plays a crucial role in electronic warfare and is utilized in various applications such as air traffic control, aircraft anti-collision systems, and radar antimissile systems. However, radar systems are susceptible to electronic countermeasures, particularly jamming devices. Jammers emit jam signals to disrupt and deceive radar systems. This article explores the concept of radar jamming, including its working principles and techniques. It also highlights the importance of anti-jamming technologies to protect radar systems. The importance of understanding the environment and the capabilities of jammers has been emphasized to develop secure and effective anti-jamming systems. The study emphasizes the interplay between jamming and anti-jamming techniques, with advancements in one driving the development of the other. The paper concludes by providing an overview of the discussed topics and their significance in the field of radar technology.
Murtadha Ali N. Shukur; Nor M. B. Mahyuddin
Abstract
The sixth generation (6G) networks represent the revolutionary processes in the field of wireless networks, such as ultra-dense network (UDN) frameworks, multi-dimensional connectivity, and network automation procured by AI. Nevertheless, the high rate of small cell and heterogeneous network environment ...
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The sixth generation (6G) networks represent the revolutionary processes in the field of wireless networks, such as ultra-dense network (UDN) frameworks, multi-dimensional connectivity, and network automation procured by AI. Nevertheless, the high rate of small cell and heterogeneous network environment proliferation poses severe challenges in handover management that result in higher signalling overhead, latency, and service interruptions. This review paper investigates the latest handover management solutions in 6G UDNs, with some of the most significant challenges being mobility prediction, resource, and security constraints. We especially examine the new solutions, such as machine learning (ML)-based mobility prediction models, Long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU), reinforcement learning (RL)-based handover decision models, and split federated learning (SFL) of privacy-preserving optimization. Moreover, we will look at network-slicing integration and blockchain-based security solutions as an effort to ensure an efficient and dynamic handover procedure. The paper gives a methodological future study roadmap to optimisation of handover in ultra-dense 6G networks, which synthesizes existing approaches with research gaps identified. These results point to the necessity to optimise the interactions between layers and coordinate network efforts by using artificial intelligence and the proactive handover paradigm to provide seamless, low-latency, and energy-efficient mobility management in future next-generation wireless networks.
Mohammad Yaseen Shaker; Hayder M. Abbas
Abstract
This paper presents an experimental study of the effects of polyurethane (PU) capsule position on heat gain in hollow brick walls in real outdoor environments. The experiments were carried out in October 2024 at the University of Al-Qadisiyah, Middle Area Desert, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq, during an ambient ...
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This paper presents an experimental study of the effects of polyurethane (PU) capsule position on heat gain in hollow brick walls in real outdoor environments. The experiments were carried out in October 2024 at the University of Al-Qadisiyah, Middle Area Desert, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq, during an ambient temperature range from 22 to 39 °C and peak solar radiation intensities of (750 W/m²) (horizontally) and [650W/m²] (south-facing vertical). Two identical cubic test cells (1 m × 1 m × 1 m) were built and thermally calibrated to have identical baselines. Two wall configurations were tested: PU capsules in the outer cavity row (external) and in the inner cavity row (internal). The results demonstrate the superior thermal insulation capacity of the outboard position. The maximum surface temperature of the outer wall in the externally insulated condition was 46.7 °C, compared with 45.4 °C for the inner wall, indicating better heat interception by the outer exposed layer (exterior). Internal surface temperatures were 36.0 °C and 37.2 °C at the external and internal positions, respectively (less heat transfer). Indoor ambient temperatures were 33.8 °C with external installation and 34.3 °C with internal installation. The peak heat flux rate on the south wall decreased from 72.2 W/m² (internal) to 58.7 W/m² (external), a 19% decline. These findings apparently demonstrate that if PU capsules are placed in the outer cavity row of hollow brick walls, solar heat can be intercepted successfully before entering the wall mass, thereby improving thermal resistance and reducing cooling requirements for hot-climate buildings.
Nabaa Alaa Abdulrazzaq; Abdulkareem Merhej Radhi
Abstract
This paper presents a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) based facial recognition model that handles illumination, expression, and position variations, among other typical challenges in the area. The model's flexibility and generalizability are enhanced using data augmentation methods for the features ...
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This paper presents a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) based facial recognition model that handles illumination, expression, and position variations, among other typical challenges in the area. The model's flexibility and generalizability are enhanced using data augmentation methods for the features extracted from preprocessed face images using CNN. The model was evaluated for performance using five well-recognized datasets: ORL, Yale, Extended Yale B, JAFFE, and LFW. The proposed model attained 97% accuracy on ORL, 93% on Yale, 98% on Extended Yale B, 100% on JAFFE, and 98% on LFW, surpassing current state-of-the-art techniques. To make the model more resilient on smaller datasets such as ORL and JAFFE, data augmentation was performed. On the other hand, Extended Yale B and other more diverse datasets performed well even without augmentation. Also, preprocessing techniques, such as data balance and augmentation, have improved identification abilities, especially in real-world situations like LFW. Overall, this study underscores the power of DCNNs for face recognition and highlights how tailored data augmentation can boost performance across different datasets.
Sajad Hussein Abdali; Farah Mohammed Saoud; Essam Esmail
Abstract
Several approaches for detecting isomorphism in kinematic chains have been developed in recent literature. If two kinematic chains have a 1-1 correspondence and their incidences are maintained, they are isomorphic. In this work, a matrix-based method for identifying isomorphism is presented. The new ...
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Several approaches for detecting isomorphism in kinematic chains have been developed in recent literature. If two kinematic chains have a 1-1 correspondence and their incidences are maintained, they are isomorphic. In this work, a matrix-based method for identifying isomorphism is presented. The new method is based on fundamental circuits, vertex degrees, and spanning trees. A unique identifier for isomorphic graphs is proposed. Two graphs are isomorphic if their isomorphic identification numbers have the same value. This reduces the structural isomorphism test to a comparison of the isomorphic identification numbers of the two graphs under consideration. Regardless of vertex labeling of the graphs, which is problematic in other ways, similar isomorphic identification numbers are generated for isomorphic graphs. The new method is a comprehensive, systematic way for detecting isomorphism during the synthesis of kinematic chains. Isomorphic graphs are identified regardless of graph representation. The new approach is verified by the atlas of 6-link 2- degree of freedom planetary gear mechanisms (PGMs), the atlas of 5-link 2-degree of freedom planetary geared cam mechanisms (PGCMs) as well as some PGMs and PGCMs.
ghaidaa kareem rahi; Dhafer Abdul Amir Hamzah
Abstract
This study reveals the increase in heat transfer using passive and active techniques for BFS. Backward-
facing step (BFS) flow is one example of a representative model for separation flows which has been
noted in its applications in engine flows, vehicles, condensers, heat transfer systems, and flow ...
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This study reveals the increase in heat transfer using passive and active techniques for BFS. Backward-
facing step (BFS) flow is one example of a representative model for separation flows which has been
noted in its applications in engine flows, vehicles, condensers, heat transfer systems, and flow around
structures, aerodynamic flows. To learn about the importance of backward-facing step flow from a
theoretical and engineering perspective, this work provides a comprehensive review of heat transfer and
flow results of forced convection flow with passive and active techniques in a channel containing flow
separation and subsequent reconnection. The objective of the research was to give a synopsis of the effects
of several parameters, such as the Prandtl number, Reynolds number, nanoparticle volume fraction,
Hartmann number, tilt angle, buoyancy force, and Coriolis force. The objective of the research was to give a synopsis of the effects of several parameters, such as the Prandtl number, Reynolds number, nanoparticle volume fraction,
Hartmann number, tilt angle, buoyancy force, and Coriolis force.
ALi sadoon mohmmad
Abstract
Fuels based on petroleum have been used for many years. However, as the world strives to protect the environment, clean and renewable energy is becoming more sought after. Diesel fuel can be replaced with biodiesel and alcohol. One of the advantages of these fuels is that they are renewable and locally ...
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Fuels based on petroleum have been used for many years. However, as the world strives to protect the environment, clean and renewable energy is becoming more sought after. Diesel fuel can be replaced with biodiesel and alcohol. One of the advantages of these fuels is that they are renewable and locally produced. This study prepared different fuel mixes using pure Iraqi diesel as a reference and an air-cooled, single-cylinder, compression-ignition diesel engine. In this study, an experimental investigation is conducted to introduce biofuel-heavy alcohol blends as alternatives to Iraqi high-sulfur diesel. In order to produce D80B20, diesel, and biodiesel made from used cooking oil were combined. Higher alcohols (hexanol and butanol) were also added to this mixture in a 10% ratio. The engine was operated at a speed of 2500 rpm and with various loads ranging from 4 kW to 10 kW to assess its exhaust emissions. In comparison to diesel, CO levels in exhaust emissions were reduced by 29.23%, 23.59%, and 13.85%, respectively, in the tested blends, while CO2 levels were raised by 23.26%, 16.86%, and8.56%, respectively. Reductions of 25.88%, 42.35%, and 11.76%, were observed in HC concentrations. D80B10HEX10 and D80B10BU10 showed reductions of 5.7% and 3.8% in NOx emissions, while an increase of 3.5% was observed using D80B20.
maha kareem; Abbas Khalaf Mohammad
Abstract
PMMA (poly methyl methacrylate), a well-known polymer of the methacrylate family, is widely utilized in biomedicine, particularly in odonatological applications like artificial teeth, dentures and denture bases, obturators, provisional or permanent crowns, and so on. The outstanding qualities of PMMA, ...
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PMMA (poly methyl methacrylate), a well-known polymer of the methacrylate family, is widely utilized in biomedicine, particularly in odonatological applications like artificial teeth, dentures and denture bases, obturators, provisional or permanent crowns, and so on. The outstanding qualities of PMMA, such as its beauty, low density, and changeable mechanical properties, make it an ideal option for use in dentistry. The use of hybrid nanofillers comprising of zinc and zirconium oxides (ZrO2:ZnO) with PMMA and the investigation of the resulting changes in mechanical properties, compared to the addition of natural nano powder represented by nano bran (nB), was studied. The effect of introducing bran powder after turning it into a nanomaterial into PMMA and studying the change in mechanical characteristics was investigated. The use of these components lowers the cost of polymer formulations, allowing for the development of new biodegradable formulations and greatly lowering the environmental load on nature after using consumer items made from them. The bran powder material was added in different weight ratios (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%,10% and 12%), as well as ZrO2: ZnO as a hybrid nanofiller, which were added in the same proportions compared to the pure resin. An increase in the compressive strength was observed to reach its highest value at 206 Mpa of nB compared to the ZrO2:ZnO where it was 140 Mpa. As well as concerning flexibility, an increase in the elastic strength was observed where it was for ZrO2:ZnO and Bran respectively 68 Mpa and 88.98 Mpa compared to pure PMMA.
Mohammed Abd Al-salam Majeed; Salah M. Salih
Abstract
A steady-state effect analysis of enhancing the cooling performance of a photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) collector using a damper that changes the flow direction with the multi-flow channel is investigated numerically and experimentally. The study aims to improve the electrical efficiency of PV/T systems ...
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A steady-state effect analysis of enhancing the cooling performance of a photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) collector using a damper that changes the flow direction with the multi-flow channel is investigated numerically and experimentally. The study aims to improve the electrical efficiency of PV/T systems with turbulent generation to increase exchange between absorbent panels and airflow with less pressure drop. The effect of different mass flux rates (MFR) of (0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, and 0.08) kg/s, and various solar flux of (600, 800, and 1000)W/m^2 on solar cell (PV) temperature and PV/T system performance is studied under indoor test conditions. The results indicated that the air temperature is inversely proportional to the air MFR, and the overall efficiency highly depends on the air MFR and solar flux intensity. In addition, the experiment result shows that the higher value at air MFR (0.04-0.08)kg/s, solar flux (1000 W/m^2) for electrical, thermal, and overall efficiency are (17.03%, 74.14%, and 90.4%), respectively. Moreover, The percentage output power its (28.44%) by (15.93) W leads to pioneering results compared to previous studies
Meaad Talib; Mohamed Al-Dawody; wasim Jamshed; Upendra RAJAK
Abstract
The current numerical study examines the effect of using beef oil methyl ester (BOME) blends with diesel fuel on diesel engine characteristics. The engine powered by diesel fuel and three different volumetric blends of BOME biodiesel (10%, 20%, and 30%). The simulation program Diesel-RK has been used. ...
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The current numerical study examines the effect of using beef oil methyl ester (BOME) blends with diesel fuel on diesel engine characteristics. The engine powered by diesel fuel and three different volumetric blends of BOME biodiesel (10%, 20%, and 30%). The simulation program Diesel-RK has been used. The results obtained showed an increase in the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) as a result of replacing BOME with diesel. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) decreased slightly by 1.5384%, 3.0855% and 2.3597% for the use of 10%, 20% and 30% BOME respectively due to difference in heating content of BOME blends. The exhaust temperature dropped for all BOME blends. Slight increase in NOx emissions by 4.1227%, 9.6836%, and 13.7105% correspond to 10%, 20% and 30% of BOME respectively. Compared with diesel the bosh smoke number (BSN) decreased by 4.44619%, 11.846%, and 17.8947% for B10, B20, and B30 respectively. A little increase in CO2 emission. The findings of this investigation are compared with the results of other studies and reported an acceptable deviation.
TOUIL Abdelkadir; NEHARI Driss; LAISSAOUI Mohammed; BENZAAMA Habib
Abstract
This study presents a simulation of electricity generation systems utilizing solar energy, employing TRNSYS and EES software to address the energy needs of isolated areas in Algeria. Two solar energy systems were compared: the CSP-ORC and the Photovoltaic, analyzed across three regions: Adrar, Illizi, ...
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This study presents a simulation of electricity generation systems utilizing solar energy, employing TRNSYS and EES software to address the energy needs of isolated areas in Algeria. Two solar energy systems were compared: the CSP-ORC and the Photovoltaic, analyzed across three regions: Adrar, Illizi, and El-Bayadh. The CSP-ORC system was enhanced by incorporating components for optimizing the operation of the pump within the ORC, as well as integrating a solar photovoltaic system with battery storage at a capacity of 50 kW. The estimated electrical power generated by the studied systems is approximately 1 MW. We compared the technical performance of a 1 MW s-ORC system with thermal energy storage against that of a solar photovoltaic system of the same capacity. This analysis underscores the viability of both CSP-ORC and PV systems for electricity generation in isolated arid regions of Algeria. However, the superior performance of the PV system, particularly during the winter months, suggests that while CSP-ORC systems are promising, they may require further enhancements or integrated solutions (such as hybrid systems) to improve output and reliability across all seasons. The economic analysis highlights the cost-effectiveness of PV systems, which have lower investment, maintenance costs, and LCOE than CSP-ORC. The lowest LCOE (0.0311 €/kWh) and fastest payback (3.62 years) were observed in Illizi for PV, while CSP-ORC had the highest LCOE in El-Bayadh. Environmentally, PV reduces 55.2 tons of CO2 emissions in Illizi, whereas CSP-ORC, generating more electricity, prevents 84 tons. Both systems significantly cut emissions compared to diesel generators.
zaid sabah hamdi aldarib
Abstract
A bridge is one of the most important structures of man-made construction intended to enable passage across a gap, such as a river, valley, intersection, etc. The bridges can be provided for many purposes, such as facilitating water movement, individuals, vehicles, and railroads. The selection of the ...
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A bridge is one of the most important structures of man-made construction intended to enable passage across a gap, such as a river, valley, intersection, etc. The bridges can be provided for many purposes, such as facilitating water movement, individuals, vehicles, and railroads. The selection of the bridge's site should consider equity, effectiveness, efficiency, societal benefits, and economic ones. In structural engineering, prestressing methods are frequently used to improve structural components and systems' load-carrying capacity and serviceability. Increases in service loads or the end of a structure's useful life necessitate frequent maintenance and repair work. It is possible to reinforce and repair both steel and concrete buildings. The primary goal of this work is to provide a review of the literature on the assessment of prestressed concrete box girder bridges under static loads as well as investigate the strengthening methods employed by researchers to reinforce prestressed concrete box girder bridges.
Farah Mohammed Saoud; Sajad Hussein Abdali; Essam Esmail
Abstract
Planetary gear-cam mechanisms (PGCMs) are mechanisms that combine planetary gears and cams. Despite the fact that these systems have the ability to achieve a wide variety of periodic motions of the output link, they have received little attention. To generate and classify PGCMs, structural properties ...
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Planetary gear-cam mechanisms (PGCMs) are mechanisms that combine planetary gears and cams. Despite the fact that these systems have the ability to achieve a wide variety of periodic motions of the output link, they have received little attention. To generate and classify PGCMs, structural properties must first be identified. The classification of gear-cam mechanisms is studied, as are their functional, structural, and graph representations. PGCMs are classified based on their number of degrees of freedom, number of links, and joint types. They are synthesized utilizing the spanning tree-based approach to build the entire set of gear-cam graphs. The relation between graphs and PGCMs is investigated and many graph fundamentals are converted into PGCMs. The atlas of five-vertex graphs is obtained, allowing the development of a large number of mechanisms. The precise results of the 5-link PGCM graphs have been confirmed to be 12. The application and significance of this approach in producing a variety of non-uniform motions, developing better alternatives, and creating new designs for variable-speed output mechanisms are demonstrated.
Tara Sami Saleem; Faris Ali Mustafa
Abstract
Neuroarchitecture provides valuable insights into how built environments influence students’ cognitive performance and academic success. However, spatial characteristics related to architectural studios are still inadequately examined, particularly within non-Western academic settings. This study ...
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Neuroarchitecture provides valuable insights into how built environments influence students’ cognitive performance and academic success. However, spatial characteristics related to architectural studios are still inadequately examined, particularly within non-Western academic settings. This study aims to investigate the impact of studio width on students' cognitive performance and environmental preferences in architectural learning spaces using virtual reality (VR). A quantitative research method was employed using VR-based environments to measure attention, memory and preferences across varying studio widths. A within-subjects experiment was conducted with 90 undergraduate architecture students from three universities in Erbil. Participants performed standardized auditory attention and memory tasks in narrow and spacious virtual studios. The results indicated that narrow studios significantly improved cognitive performance, resulting in faster reaction times, fewer attentional errors, and improved memory recall. However, students preferred wider studios, and female students consistently outperformed male students on all cognitive tests. These findings highlight the difference between objective cognitive outcomes and subjective preferences. This study demonstrates the value of spatial width as a neuroarchitectural feature that influences cognition in university students. It provides context-specific evidence to support the alignment of evidence-based design with user-centered outcomes in higher education, particularly in underrepresented regions such as Erbil.
Mustafa Mohamed Radha; Hussein Ali Ewadh
Abstract
In situations where reliable crash data is unavailable, Surrogate Safety Measures (SSMs) become valuable tools for traffic safety research. This study focuses on assessing traffic safety at signalized intersections, specifically examining how traffic operations such as stopped delay time and Level of ...
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In situations where reliable crash data is unavailable, Surrogate Safety Measures (SSMs) become valuable tools for traffic safety research. This study focuses on assessing traffic safety at signalized intersections, specifically examining how traffic operations such as stopped delay time and Level of Service affect hourly traffic conflicts using surrogate measures. Three four-leg signalized junctions in Karbala City were selected. Data on traffic volume and conflicts were collected using video cameras managed by the Karbala Traffic Police. The VISSIM software was utilized for traffic operation analysis, which then served as input for the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM) software. The results show that simulation-based hourly traffic conflicts increase as stopped delay time increases, with a correlation coefficient between them ranging from R2 = (0.9127-0.7533). Specifically, stopped delay values ranged from 117 seconds at the Sayed Jawda intersection (considered high-risk) to 79 seconds at the Al-Sofaraa intersection (considered low-risk). Rear-end conflicts accounted for the highest percentage of total conflicts, reaching 63%, 58%, and 66% at the respective intersections. This high percentage is attributed to rear-end conflicts predominantly occurring within the same approach in the traffic queue. This research provides valuable insights into evaluating safety at signalized intersections in urban areas and serves as an additional reference for future road safety studies. This study differs from previous research by emphasizing the correlation between stopped delay time and the frequency of hourly traffic conflicts using SSAM software. This study provides a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between operational characteristics and safety at signalized intersections.
Zaman Imad Nazzal; Ala'a Abdulrazaq Jassim
Abstract
The study evaluates the Large Basrah Water Project's (LBWP) operational performance from Feb 1, 2023, to Dec 31, 2024, using an artificial neural network to predict reverse osmosis processes, analyzing factors influencing permeability and concentration polarization. This trains and tests the artificial ...
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The study evaluates the Large Basrah Water Project's (LBWP) operational performance from Feb 1, 2023, to Dec 31, 2024, using an artificial neural network to predict reverse osmosis processes, analyzing factors influencing permeability and concentration polarization. This trains and tests the artificial neural network (ANN) model using a dataset comprising 700 items and divided it into three groups: 80% for training, 10% for validation, and 10% for testing. The developed neural network model successfully predicts the output variables QP and CP based on the six input variables Feed Pressure, Temperature, QF, CF, Turb, and PH. Using Bayesian regularization backpropagation, the model demonstrated excellent predictive performance for QP, with high correlation (R=0.98268) and low error metrics (RMSE =27.5389). While the prediction for CP was slightly less accurate (R=0.95464 and RMSE=6.9029), the overall model performance remains robust and reliable. This approach provides a valuable predictive tool for understanding and optimizing the underlying system behavior based on the selected input parameters. Furthermore, the ANN model indicates that the related weights for temperature, pressure, feed water flow rates, feed water salinity, turbidity, and pH are 17%, 2.94%,42.94%, 28.23%, 6.72% and 2.17% respectively. These results imply that using the training datasets, the model fairly forecasts the concentration and flow of permeate.
khalid jammal Ismail
Abstract
Abstract : Creating sustainable environments has become an urgent goal for most communities all over the world. This is because creating a sustainable environment would lead to improving a community's life socially, environmentally, and economically. To do so, urban sustainability indicators ...
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Abstract : Creating sustainable environments has become an urgent goal for most communities all over the world. This is because creating a sustainable environment would lead to improving a community's life socially, environmentally, and economically. To do so, urban sustainability indicators need to be incorporated into the urban design process, beginning with the architecture teaching syllabus. This study aims to find out how students’ projects in the urban design course could consider sustainability indicators when developing built environments including the campuses and how architecture students’ projects can consider the role of physical character in achieving sustainability when developing campuses. Therefore, students' projects designated for developing the main campus of the University of Mosul were the case study of this research. Explorative graphical analysis was adopted as the study method. Findings highlighted key characteristics of sustainable urban design that are incorporated into these projects and the way to do so.
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