Abontika Sara Israt; Ahmad Sanusi Hassan
Abstract
Urban pedestrian environments rank among the most frequent public spaces, playing a vital role in enhancing urban liveability. In Dhaka, the rapid growth seen over recent decades has resulted in the city's streetscape increasingly losing its lively, mixed-use essence, shifting mainly towards being just ...
Read More
Urban pedestrian environments rank among the most frequent public spaces, playing a vital role in enhancing urban liveability. In Dhaka, the rapid growth seen over recent decades has resulted in the city's streetscape increasingly losing its lively, mixed-use essence, shifting mainly towards being just traffic routes. This research underscores the pressing need to evaluate the quality of Dhaka’s pedestrian environment and streetscape to protect its distinctive character before further decline occurs. A mixed method approach is adopted here, such as syntactic analysis, questionnaire surveys, and physical observations, especially focusing on two selected roads in Dhaka. Techniques like Space Syntax and SPSS statistical analysis are employed to quantify spatial data and evaluate user perceptions accordingly regarding current streetscape features with a direct observation for validating the results. Through this integrated approach, the relationship between spatial configuration and spatial quality is closely examined. The findings reveal that combining these methodologies offers a novel and effective avenue for obtaining thorough and trustworthy results when measuring the quality of urban public spaces. Moreover, it shows that interactions between the physical environment and user perceptions significantly influence urban streetscape quality, presenting crucial insights for reimagining Dhaka as a more pedestrian-friendly city.
Ola Mazen Makki; Hayder M. K. Al-Mutairee; Jaafar Salman Abdulsada; Enaam Kareem Jawad
Abstract
Continuous deep beams (CDBs) expose usually to repeated and cyclic load by loading and unloading states and the wave of an earthquake. Adding scraped tires rubber to the concrete mix (which is researcher interesting nowadays) improve its dynamic properties besides the sustainability purposes. Six CDBs ...
Read More
Continuous deep beams (CDBs) expose usually to repeated and cyclic load by loading and unloading states and the wave of an earthquake. Adding scraped tires rubber to the concrete mix (which is researcher interesting nowadays) improve its dynamic properties besides the sustainability purposes. Six CDBs were casted and tested experimentally under static and repeated loads. It can be concluded that, the CDBs loss about 39% and 30.1% of them ultimate capacity after 10% volumetric replacement of sand and gravel respectively. Also, the ultimate strength of the beams decreases when comparing with the static loads by 14%, 8% and 9% for conventional beam, gravel and sand replacement beams respectively. The cyclic results confirm that, each load (positive and negative) make its own strut, till it’s crossed together and the beams losses about 35 to 45% of them capacity due to the cycles. As a conclusion, it could be noting that, the static loading results matches with the strut tie method calculations,
Sura Mousa Ali; Ehab AbdulRazzaq Hussein
Abstract
Fiber systems for transmitting millimeter wave (MMW) signals have recently become increasingly popular for upcoming wireless communication applications, including 5G and beyond networks. This study into the developments in the combination of wireless and optical networks, this paper utilizes this combination ...
Read More
Fiber systems for transmitting millimeter wave (MMW) signals have recently become increasingly popular for upcoming wireless communication applications, including 5G and beyond networks. This study into the developments in the combination of wireless and optical networks, this paper utilizes this combination and reduces the symbol error rate (SER). The proposed system employs a 4x4 Multi-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) wireless signal; MIMO can be utilized to improve coverage and increase capacity through spatial multiplexing. MIMO systems are an essential component of today’s wireless networks, and they have been widely utilized in recent times to achieve great spectrum and energy efficiency. In this paper, the 4X4 MIMO is used to support the transmission link and increase throughput. Then, the subcarrier is modulated with a millimeter-wave using a Match Zender Modulator (MZM). The signal is transmitted through a (45-50-75) kilometer optical fiber, thus enhancing the capacity and frequency and increasing errors. The proposed system mitigates this error by utilizing multiple compensator that offset the SER. The VPIphotonics software program and Python are used.
Bashar H. Ismael; Sheelan Mahmoud Hama; Mustafa Mohammed Aljumaily; Abeer W Alshami; Saif Alzabeebee
Abstract
The impact of higher temperatures on the qualities of normal-strength mortar containing Iraqi bentonite powder (BP) as a partial substation of cement was examined in the present research. The bentonite concrete was made by replacing cement with bentonite in weight ratio of 5 and 10%. A strength test ...
Read More
The impact of higher temperatures on the qualities of normal-strength mortar containing Iraqi bentonite powder (BP) as a partial substation of cement was examined in the present research. The bentonite concrete was made by replacing cement with bentonite in weight ratio of 5 and 10%. A strength test (compressive strength) was performed, and the durability performance (mass loss) and absorption were performed and discussed. The results showed that samples containing bentonite outperformed the control mix regarding heat endurance. The flowability of the mixture decreased by 15% and 25% for 5% and 10%BP, respectively. Bentonite-containing concrete had a lower compressive strength than the control mix at ambient temperature and at 300 o C by 22.8% and 38.9, respectively for 5%BP and 10.5% and 24.8%, respectively for 10%BP. But at 600 o C, the compressive strength of mixes containing BP is higher than that of the control mix by 33% and 49.5% for 5% and 10%BP, and it had good resistance to water absorption at all temperature levels. A somewhat significant color change was noted for mortar compositions with higher BP ratios. A color change was observed from gray to pink for samples containing BP.
Suroor Jasim; Emad Hani Ismaeel
Abstract
For the protection of historic city identity and providing a sustainable benefit to its buildings,the strategy of conserving heritage buildings in old cities through their reuse is complex and crucial.The most appropriate mechanism for reuse is the most widely used mechanism for preserving and enhancing ...
Read More
For the protection of historic city identity and providing a sustainable benefit to its buildings,the strategy of conserving heritage buildings in old cities through their reuse is complex and crucial.The most appropriate mechanism for reuse is the most widely used mechanism for preserving and enhancing the values of heritage buildings.To extend the physical and functional life of heritage buildings and avoid the damage that may be caused as a result of wrong decisions,this study assists decision-makers in making the best decision more accurately, quickly,and effectively to reuse heritage buildings.Due to the lack of knowledge of the criteria and indicators that affect the most appropriate reuse process on a large scale and the extent to which they affect the process of selecting the most appropriate use,this paper aims to extract such criteria and indicators and prove their effectiveness in the process of selecting the most appropriate reuse of heritage buildings in old cities.The procedure of the study includes three phases:the 1st phase analyzes previous related studies and international charters,then extracts the most important criteria and indicators;the 2nd phase deals with expert interviews to provide a criteria assessment according to significance;and the 3rd phase applies these criteria and indicators to historic buildings in Mosul's old city to evaluate the possibility of their use.Adecision-making methodology(AHP)is applied using Microsoft Excel.The methodology was applied to Ziyadah House and Suleiman Al-Sayegh House.In the results,the application to arrange the optimal alternatives showed that the Ziadah house got the highest value,while the Al-Sayegh house got the lowest value.
Ghufran Alamri; Salih A. Rushdi; Zainab T. Al-sharify; Soumya Ghosh
Abstract
Ibuprofen is classified as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAID). This medication is employed for the treatment of several ailments, encompassing mild to moderate pain such as toothache, migraine, and period pain. Additionally, it is used to alleviate high-temperature fevers resembling ...
Read More
Ibuprofen is classified as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAID). This medication is employed for the treatment of several ailments, encompassing mild to moderate pain such as toothache, migraine, and period pain. Additionally, it is used to alleviate high-temperature fevers resembling influenza, reduce inflammation in tissues, and manage conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, back pain, and gout, among others. Despite the relative simplicity of ibuprofen's structure, it possesses significant structural complexity to enable a broader variety of acquisition methods. Numerous techniques for acquiring it with possible industrial utility have been discovered since the inception of its initial commercial use. The majority of commercially viable industrial processes utilized for the synthesis of ibuprofen are derived from isobutyl-benzene (IBB). Commercial isobutyl benzene (IBB) is synthesized through the reaction between propene and toluene. The conversion of isobutyl benzene ranges from (18.05%) to (19.8%) at various values of reaction temperature and from the results we can see that the reaction time has a significant effect on the isobutyl benzene conversion.
Rana A. Yousif; Sady A. Tayh; Abbas F. Jasim; Sarah F. Khalaf
Abstract
Incorporating crumbed rubber into asphalt binder or asphalt concrete mixes has become increasingly common in recent years. Researchers have looked into how well this additive can improve both the modified bitumen and the modified asphalt mix. With the growing usage of rubber crumb modifiers in asphalt ...
Read More
Incorporating crumbed rubber into asphalt binder or asphalt concrete mixes has become increasingly common in recent years. Researchers have looked into how well this additive can improve both the modified bitumen and the modified asphalt mix. With the growing usage of rubber crumb modifiers in asphalt mixtures, the significance of certain asphalt qualities has been recognized. This has opened up more opportunities for a thorough examination of their rheological and physical properties. The asphalt-rubber binder's performance was often impacted by the amount of crumb rubber and the blending circumstances. In this study, a new method, the Steam Aging Technique (SAT), was utilized to study the attributes of the rubber-enhanced bitumen, which was aged throughout Bitumen’s service. The primary goal of this research was to investigate the influence of traditional aging methods compared to the steam aging method, and the possibility of using the latter as an alternative test to traditional methods. Overall, physical test results showed notable increases in softening point and rotational viscosity and a decrease in penetration value for vapor-aged bitumen contrasted to non-aged bitumen. This research used a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and a temperature sweep test (TS) method to study rutting under control strain mode. The effectiveness of the use of steam aging has been observed and the possibility of using it as an alternative to the conventional aging methods available was investigated. It was found that there was a great convergence in the results extracted from the steam aging device with an addition rate of 5, 10, and 15% and an aging time of 45 minutes with the results extracted from the rotary kiln device, except for the 20% addition rate, which gave a difference in values.
Nabeel Almuramady; Ali F. Fahem; Husam Kareem Mohsin Al-Jothery; Essam L. Esmail
Abstract
The Rubber-carbon black composite material-based product is the main matrix used in domestic and industrial applications in the last decades. This study proposes replacing the reinforcing carbon with matrix-neutral rubber with epoxy resins to reduce the carbon footprint and lower the environmental impact ...
Read More
The Rubber-carbon black composite material-based product is the main matrix used in domestic and industrial applications in the last decades. This study proposes replacing the reinforcing carbon with matrix-neutral rubber with epoxy resins to reduce the carbon footprint and lower the environmental impact while enhancing the product's mechanical properties. Five additive percentages of carbon--epoxy, starting from 100-50% Carbon-black and 0-50% Epoxy, were studied using a hybrid experimental-numerical approach. Experimentally, the extension fatigue, flexural fatigue, and elongation modulus testing were completed using the universal testing machines with a low loading rate (quasi-static process). Numerical, the finite element analysis by the commercial software ABAQUS-SAE within the built-in hyperelastic constitutive model was utilized to visualize the full-field stresses. The experimental nominal stress-strain data was used as input for the numerical model, and Ogden's formula was applied to simulate the mechanical response of the specimens. The stress field and stress concentration of different experimental tests are given. The effect of increasing the additive epoxy on the rubber-carbon mechanical response and the fatigue life under repeated loads were identified and discussed. Furthermore, the results show that a small amount of epoxy can be used as a reinforcing material for a rubber compound and it improves the mechanical properties. This along with more results are shown in the result section
Abbaas I. Kareem; Estabraq Nashat Ezzat; Teba Tariq khaled; Rwayda Al Hamd
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of breakage of construction and demolition waste materials (C&DWMs) on aggregate gradation, aggregate characteristics, moisture damage, and resilient modulus using Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). Asphalt mixtures containing 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% C&DWM wastes were ...
Read More
This study aims to evaluate the effects of breakage of construction and demolition waste materials (C&DWMs) on aggregate gradation, aggregate characteristics, moisture damage, and resilient modulus using Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). Asphalt mixtures containing 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% C&DWM wastes were investigated. The characteristics of C&DWMs were investigated through the surface inspection, the particle size distribution, the water absorption, and the density tests. The indirect tensile strength test, the tensile strength ratio test, and the indirect tensile stiffness modulus test were performed. Moreover, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and damage analysis were also performed. The results showed that the amount of optimum asphalt content increases as the dosage of C&DWMs increases. The change in gradation has led to a variation in the properties of coarse, fine, and combined aggregates. The breakage of C&DWMs during mixing and compaction processes contributes to the redistribution of aggregate particles after mixing and compaction processes. The breakage has led to better resilient modulus and lower water stability exhibited by C&DWMs mixes than control mixes. The damage analysis and ANOVA testing indicate that asphalt mixtures with no more than 50% C&DWMs have a performance like that of the control mix. In this regard, the pavement section with 0%, 25%, and 50% of C&DWMs achieved a design life of around 19 years. Although the results were encouraging, the C&DWMs asphalt mixtures require more investigation in future studies. This would elevate the use of C&DWMs in the pavement industry and promote more sustainable asphalt mixtures.
Abdulameer Qasim Hasan
Abstract
Most water stations use concrete tanks to store water, and the tanks may be above or below ground level. In designing tanks, many engineering requirements are taken into account to ensure the structural safety of the tank and the absence of water leakage. The research aims to study the response of different ...
Read More
Most water stations use concrete tanks to store water, and the tanks may be above or below ground level. In designing tanks, many engineering requirements are taken into account to ensure the structural safety of the tank and the absence of water leakage. The research aims to study the response of different shapes of concrete tanks (square, rectangular, circular, and hexagonal), that based on clay soil and subjected to an earthquake wave (type El Centro), by studying some engineering variables related to tanks and soil. ABAQUS program was used to analyze the tanks, and used different analysis cases like Dynamic Explicit, geotechnical and soil analysis. The study concluded that there are advantages and disadvantages for each of the studied shapes. It is preferable to use circular tanks because they have a high resistance to shear forces, bending moments, stresses, lateral strength, and have small soil consolidation compare with the other tanks, but the bad characteristic is that cracks are high. Also, It is also preferable to avoid using a rectangular tank due to its poor response to seismic loads.
S. Hariprasad Reddy; K Mahaboob Peera; A. Surendra; Cholker Arvind kumar; Meruva Leelakar
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to use cutting-edge nano modification technology to provide a crucial foundation for utilizing new-generation cementitious materials with extremely high strength and extremely extended service life. This research addresses the effects of nano Al2O3 particles replacement on ...
Read More
The purpose of this study is to use cutting-edge nano modification technology to provide a crucial foundation for utilizing new-generation cementitious materials with extremely high strength and extremely extended service life. This research addresses the effects of nano Al2O3 particles replacement on the UHPC. In this research, nano Al2O3 particles mixes were used as additive ranges from 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 percent from cement weight in UHPC. Concrete was prepared to perform slump cone, strength, modulus of elasticity, water permeability, and SEM analysis. The results indicated that the nano Al2O3 particles enhanced the flowability and increased the heat of hydration with the increase of their contents. It shows that nano Al2O3 particles can significantly accelerate the setting and hardening process of UHPC. The optimal dosages to enhance mechanical and durability properties were 2% nano Al2O3 particles. The compressive strengths of specimen increased by 26.86% compared to the control mix., it also reduced the 37.04% depth of water penetration under pressure, respectively in comparison to control concrete. The results exhibit that the nano Al2O3 particle is an excellent filler material, reducing porosity regions and accelerating cement hydration via the pozzolanic effect. The SEM analysis demonstrated that adding nano Al2O3 particles may also effectively enhance the interfacial transition zone.
Tariq Al-Mansoori; Noorance Al-Mukaram; Ali Shubbar
Abstract
Highways are one of the most crucial infrastructure elements for any city. It is of high importance to keep them maintained to the high performance. This might need to establish a road maintenance department for the continued inspection and decision making. Spatial technologies, such as GIS, are particularly ...
Read More
Highways are one of the most crucial infrastructure elements for any city. It is of high importance to keep them maintained to the high performance. This might need to establish a road maintenance department for the continued inspection and decision making. Spatial technologies, such as GIS, are particularly useful for integrating roadway data and enhancing their use and presentation for highway management and operation through the use of spatial relationships and maps. This paper presents a GIS-based system that serves as a platform for all aspects of the pavement condition assessment and maintenance. The resulting map system can enhance the maintenance process significantly by visualising the whole network with the state condition of each section. This paper examines the condition of road sections for a selected area in Al-Qassim, a city to the south of Babylon governorate. These road sections have varying condition states resulting from many factors such as weathering, insufficient drainage, ageing, traffic load, and lack of routine maintenance. The overall condition index (OCI) is used to assess the state of each section on a scale of 1 to 10. Most of the studied sections are falling below 5. Two strategies are presented for maintaining and inspecting the network that highway agencies and road engineers could adopt to save money and extend pavement life in a functional manner. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of recording all road information, including construction details, distress type and severity, and maintenance and rehabilitation processes, to inform future actions.
Olalekan Adebayo Olayemi; Tomisin Favour Ajide; Abdulbaqi Jinadu; Leke Thaddeus Oladimeji; David Omotayo Olayemi; Taofiq Omoniyi Amoloye; Jumoke M. Bambe
Abstract
Researchers and the energy industry are currently focusing their efforts on optimizing the effectiveness of vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWT) to cut down on the reliance on energy supply from fossil fuels which releases gases that are toxic to the environment. As such, several methods have been ...
Read More
Researchers and the energy industry are currently focusing their efforts on optimizing the effectiveness of vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWT) to cut down on the reliance on energy supply from fossil fuels which releases gases that are toxic to the environment. As such, several methods have been applied, including increasing the velocity and modification of both the trailing and leading edges of the aerofoil. In the present investigation, numerical studies of the flow on the wind turbine blades with a NACA0015 airfoil section equipped with and without tubercles on the trailing edge were conducted using ANSYS Fluent. A computational domain of 2000mm by 35000mm was employed with the turbulence model. This two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed with Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria wind data that was received from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NIMET). The modified blade with a wavelength of 0.09m and an amplitude of 0.004m is seen to have a better thrust than the unmodified blade. It produced a thrust of 118N for a tip-speed ratio (TSR) of 4.0 compared to 109N of the unmodified blade at the same TSR and that of the modified blade (1) which attains 107N. Also, its coefficient of performance is 5% and 6% higher than that of the straight and modified blades (1) respectively,suggest that an increase in the tubercle’s wavelength and amplitude increased the maximum thrust.
Kongkoon Tochaiwat; Anuwat Budda; Patcharida Seniwong
Abstract
Currently, numerous technologies play a significant role in the real estate business, particularly in meeting the needs of prospective buyers and residents of housing projects. However, the competition and risks in the industry compel real estate developers to carefully compare the advantages and disadvantages ...
Read More
Currently, numerous technologies play a significant role in the real estate business, particularly in meeting the needs of prospective buyers and residents of housing projects. However, the competition and risks in the industry compel real estate developers to carefully compare the advantages and disadvantages that may arise from the adoption of technology. This research aims to examine the trends in technologies implemented in housing development projects during the transition from the 2020s to the 2030s. The survey involved interviews with five real estate experts who possess knowledge and experience in (1) design, (2) construction, (3) innovation management, (4) location selection, and (5) real estate sales and marketing. The interview results were analyzed using the Content Analysis Technique. The findings indicate a high likelihood that technologies facilitating home convenience and safety, air circulation technologies, energy-saving technologies, wellness support technologies, environmental pollution detection technologies in communal areas, prefabricated house technologies, cost-reducing or recycled material usage technologies, smart home technologies, renewable energy technologies, home network control technologies and internet network technologies, and advertising and public relations technologies to increase project awareness among potential homebuyers will become prominent. In addition, the development of post-occupancy resident care applications is anticipated. These findings can be used by businesses in related industries to develop products and services that better meet the needs of homebuyers and enhance their quality of life.
Marwan Ahmed Bait Farhan; Aiman Bin Mohd Rashid; Muhammad Faizal Bin A. R
Abstract
The recent drop in oil prices has led several countries with an oil-dependent economy to consider new sustainable policies and attitudes. One of the strategies is the potential ability of the Smart-Eco home to provide a quick and effective solution to support the current national policy of promoting ...
Read More
The recent drop in oil prices has led several countries with an oil-dependent economy to consider new sustainable policies and attitudes. One of the strategies is the potential ability of the Smart-Eco home to provide a quick and effective solution to support the current national policy of promoting more sustainable practices. Efficient houses built in a way that respects resources and that last long in quality systems are said to be the way forward to achieving a low carbon footprint and a sustainable environment. These houses are constructed from high-performance, energy-saving materials with an energy-maximizing building orientation. Considering government policies are mainly geared towards constructing houses, if sustainable, they would not only be affordable for a few populations but also for the low-income earners. Therefore, this review aims to expound on the importance of eco-housing in achieving sustainable housing for society. The paper aims to draw the attention of the government, experts, decision makers, and educational institutions to integrate the smart eco-house into their efforts towards efficient energy performance buildings, supporting the national economy, the energy infrastructure, and part of the country’s environmentally sustainable policies.
