Alaa Taima; Osama Majeed Hilal; Ahmed Mohammed Al-Shammari; Mehdi Naseriparsa
Abstract
Software Defined Networks (SDNs) are one of the most important modern technologies in the field of networks, because of their advantages in the architecture and management of networks and control of their full functionality. SDN is distinguished from traditional networks by the presence of a central ...
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Software Defined Networks (SDNs) are one of the most important modern technologies in the field of networks, because of their advantages in the architecture and management of networks and control of their full functionality. SDN is distinguished from traditional networks by the presence of a central control element, which is the controller that is responsible for all operations that occur in the network. The controller is the main element that determines the success or failure of software-defined networks, so it was necessary to study and compare the different types of controllers that exist today. This paper proposes an empirical mathematical model to choose the best controller for SDN by using a Mininet emulator, concerning two performance metrics (Throughput and latency) for diverse parameters such as different types of topologies, diverse numbers of hosts, diverse numbers of switches, and diverse numbers of threads. These performance metrics have different weights depending on the needs of the users. We employ OpenFlow as a southbound protocol and five SDN controllers (Ryu, POX, OpenDaylight (ODL), and Floodlight). The results demonstrate that the suggested mathematical model is effective and flexible in choosing the best controller since the weights of performance measures are selected based on the needs of the user. The performance of the SDN network is better with ODL than with other SDN controllers.
Ghufran Kadhim; Ahmed Al-Saadi
Abstract
The dissipation of excessive heat flux is presently a significant issue that needs to be addressed due to the use of microdevices in fields such as nuclear energy, electronic devices, aerospace engineering, building engineering, and more. Because of their increased heat transfer and compact size, microchannel ...
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The dissipation of excessive heat flux is presently a significant issue that needs to be addressed due to the use of microdevices in fields such as nuclear energy, electronic devices, aerospace engineering, building engineering, and more. Because of their increased heat transfer and compact size, microchannel cooling systems have become an effective way to manage the temperature of microdevices and equipment upgrades. However, due to the increasing demands placed on microdevices for thermal load, controlling the temperature, and conserving energy, efficient heat exchangers, in particular microchannels, are attracting a growing amount of interest. A key passive technique for successfully increasing the heat transfer of the microchannel cooling system and improving the performance of microchannels is channel shape optimization. Therefore, the characteristics of microchannel geometry from prior research have been reviewed, categorized, and summed up in this article. The analysis focuses primarily on structural features and microchannel geometry attributes that enhance the impact of pressure drop and heat transfer. It also presents the relationship between boiling heat transfer and the geometrical features of microchannel flow and discusses the potential study directions for microchannel geometry design. The current review of microchannels will provide researchers working on these microchannel components with specialized expertise. In an effort to improve the impact of heat transfer, this study reviews, categorizes, and summarizes the characteristics of prior studies' microchannel geometry.
Sarraa B. Younis; Dhuha A. Al-kazzaz
Abstract
The emergence and spread of digital technology in architectural design and professional practice has resulted in a restructuring of architectural education. Different approaches have emerged to integrate digital design into architectural curricula. This paper aims to identify accredited digital design ...
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The emergence and spread of digital technology in architectural design and professional practice has resulted in a restructuring of architectural education. Different approaches have emerged to integrate digital design into architectural curricula. This paper aims to identify accredited digital design courses and the nature of the content provided to enhance students’ knowledge and skills. The research problem revealed the diverse and different ways to integrate digital design into architectural education curricula in general, and there is no clear vision of the knowledge content of digital design courses. The research questions were determined to investigate the main aspects of digital design courses, the types of knowledge provided, and the levels of knowledge provision for these courses. To answer the questions, the study adopted a conceptual analysis of the published literature on university experiences in teaching digital design courses. The content of these courses was analyzed and revealed that the types of provided content ranges from preparing design projects at different scales, conducting exercises on implementing digital models, or presenting purely theoretical knowledge. The levels of implementing computer technology in teaching digital design range from representative, formative, generative, performative, and manufacturing levels. The relationships between traditional design education and digital design education are found in three ways: the digital design education replaces the traditional design education, the parallel application of both traditional and digital design paths or adopting digital design education later after traditional design education.
Hayder A Alhameedi; Athmar A. Alzubaidi; Joseph D. Smith; Doug Allen; Saud Aldawood; Paul Ani
Abstract
Multidimensional consequences may arise from an accident in the flare system of any chemical or petrochemical plant due to the improperly managed flare system, which can lead to the presence of the toxic and flammable gases. The Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) is a systematic method used to assess ...
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Multidimensional consequences may arise from an accident in the flare system of any chemical or petrochemical plant due to the improperly managed flare system, which can lead to the presence of the toxic and flammable gases. The Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) is a systematic method used to assess and identify risks that can occur during operation, ensuring risk reduction and the safety of using equipment or units. This study aims to apply the HAZOP technique to identify the hazards associated with the gas flaring process in an air-assisted flare. The air-assisted flare system was subdivided into four sections (nodes), which were analyzed separately. These nodes included the gas supply line, air supply line, pilot flame line, and flare unit. A total of 11 potential high-risk factors related to gas flaring were identified and measured to eliminate or mitigate these risks, which were recommended to reduce the negative effects on human health, the environment, and the economy.
Yousif A Mousa; Mourtadha Sarhan Sachit; Ali Fadhil Hasan
Abstract
The utilisation of UAV imagery for the creation of digital maps is a compelling subject within the domains of photogrammetry and remote sensing. This work introduces a hierarchical method for automating the process of building, extracting, and outlining using images captured by drones. The flight plan ...
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The utilisation of UAV imagery for the creation of digital maps is a compelling subject within the domains of photogrammetry and remote sensing. This work introduces a hierarchical method for automating the process of building, extracting, and outlining using images captured by drones. The flight plan should be initially planned to provide about 60-70\% overlap to guarantee thorough coverage and precise image matching. The altitude of the drone should be adjusted based on the intended resolution to achieve a balance between capturing fine details and covering a larger region. Next, the technique of photogrammetric image matching was utilised to generate orthophotos and the Digital Surface Model (DSM). Moreover, the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) was extracted from the DSM to differentiate non-ground objects, including buildings. Subsequently, building segments were identified by applying a threshold to the difference between the Digital Surface Model (DSM) and the Digital Terrain Model (DTM), enabling accurate extraction of building segments. Finally, building polygons were generated involving two stages: coarse and refined, considering the least squares adjustment process to guarantee accuracy and detail. The proposed method was applied to drone images captured on the campus of Al-Muthanna University in the southwest of Iraq. The qualitative and quantitative investigation indicated that the building polygons obtained were highly promising, with approximately one-meter geometric accuracy. Nevertheless, accurately differentiating between buildings and other human-made structures (such as tents) and resolving issues related to mismatching error still pose significant difficulties, highlighting the need for additional investigation and development.
Marwa Mohammed Hashim; Hadi O. Basher
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of electrical transformer shape and fin configuration on the cooling process, emphasizing performance under varying ambient temperatures. Cooling efficiency is critical for transformer reliability, longevity, and operational safety. Traditional transformer shapes ...
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This study investigates the influence of electrical transformer shape and fin configuration on the cooling process, emphasizing performance under varying ambient temperatures. Cooling efficiency is critical for transformer reliability, longevity, and operational safety. Traditional transformer shapes often face limitations in heat dissipation, leading to potential hotspots that can affect performance. This research utilized numerical simulations and experimental validation to compare various transformer shapes and fin configurations, focusing particularly on a 250 KVA Oil Natural Air Natural (ONAN) type transformer designed with real-world specifications. Key findings indicated that a hexagonal transformer shape and zigzag-shaped fins with rib configurations spaced at 7 cm intervals provided superior cooling efficiency. This optimized design resulted in a maximum stable temperature of approximately 332.31 K, significantly lower than that observed in traditional rectangular designs. The zigzag fins increased the effective surface area for heat dissipation, facilitating improved thermal performance. Numerical analysis using ANSYS Fluent demonstrated enhanced coolant flow and uniform pressure distribution, with higher coolant velocity reaching 0.252 m/s. This uniformity mitigated potential hotspots and mechanical stress, contributing to overall structural integrity. Experimental validation was conducted under Iraqi weather conditions, reinforcing the numerical results. Temperature tests confirmed that the optimized hexagonal design consistently maintained lower oil and component temperatures than traditional shapes. This study used Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to investigate the impact of changes in geometrical parameters. A theoretical approach based on classical mechanics was applied, where force distribution was modeled using elasticity theory. The percentage difference represents 5.26\% of Coil temperature, 5.1\% of Oil temperature, and 5.25 \% of fins temperature, where the percentage difference represents 1.52\% of all coil temperature, comparing the optimum case with previous research with experimental tests.
Ali Flayyih Hasan; Ahmed Abbas Obaid; Omid Amanzadeh; Falah Abdulhassan Jasim
Abstract
Biodiesel is a promising alternative to conventional fossil fuels, so effective catalysis is essential to enhance the efficiency and selectivity in biodiesel production. This article discusses one of the methods used to synthesize these catalysts and their effectiveness in biofuel production. A catalyst ...
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Biodiesel is a promising alternative to conventional fossil fuels, so effective catalysis is essential to enhance the efficiency and selectivity in biodiesel production. This article discusses one of the methods used to synthesize these catalysts and their effectiveness in biofuel production. A catalyst was synthesized from palm frond waste, which is abundant in Iraq. Palm frond dust acquired magnetic properties by adding iron (III) chloride by the impregnation method. Palm frond dust was carbonized for 3 h at 700 C°and then sulfonated using (H2SO4) depending on variable factors such as reaction time, temperature, and acid concentration. The change of these factors on the acidity value of the catalyst was studied. The catalyst was characterized using techniques such as FTIR, SEM, acid value, and BET. The study successfully prepared an effective magnetic catalyst with the possibility of recovery due to its magnetic properties. The surface area determined by BET was 585.12 m2/g, indicating a high specific surface area value. The highest expected acid value was 4.23 mmol/g at a reaction time of 2.6 h°, a temperature of 50 C°, and a concentration of 10 M.
Zaid Ali Kadhim Alzaidi; Salam Al-Obaidi; Hasan Hadi Kraidi; Jaafar Salman Abdulsada; Bin Xi
Abstract
The labor market has been constantly changing in recent decades, so choosing the type of construction materials in general and floor finishing materials in particular is of great importance for construction projects. This research helps to determine how to choose the flooring materials used in major ...
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The labor market has been constantly changing in recent decades, so choosing the type of construction materials in general and floor finishing materials in particular is of great importance for construction projects. This research helps to determine how to choose the flooring materials used in major halls in Iraq and how to employ TOPSIS,Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution technical foundation in evaluating them. The study involves determining the criteria used to find the optimal alternative, as well as determining the quality index of those alternatives through the value engineering methodology in order to choose the best from this aspect. Therefore, arriving at appropriate alternatives for the purpose of construction works that can be implemented in the region, For the purpose of achieving the goal of the research, the data was collected from the literature that dealt with the topics of the system’s preference by similarity to the ideal solution and value engineering, finally from field visits and personal interviews with specialists from company managers and department and project managers. Descriptive, analytical, and statistical approaches were adopted for the study, and the results of data analysis showed for sample members that carpet is the most relatively important alternative that can be chosen for the purpose of constructing floors for large halls,based on the standards studied. Also, the sound insulation standard is followed by the ease of maintenance standard, and then safety is more important than the rest of the standards in evaluating alternatives to flooring materials
Ganugapati Raghavendra Ganesh; Shaik Jaffrullah; Wuriti Sridhar; Khaled Al-Farhany; Mohamed F. Al-Dawody; Mujtaba A. Flayyih
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the MHD Casson fluid flow over an exponentially long sheet via a thermally stratified permeable medium. All facets of chemical processes, Joule heating, and exponential heat sources are covered in this subject. By using the appropriate similarity conversions, the leading ...
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The work aims to investigate the MHD Casson fluid flow over an exponentially long sheet via a thermally stratified permeable medium. All facets of chemical processes, Joule heating, and exponential heat sources are covered in this subject. By using the appropriate similarity conversions, the leading partial differential equations (PDEs) of the model are transformed into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The description of the previous technique was made simpler by applying the Keller Box methodology. The results reveal that when the viscosity factor is increased, the velocity profile improves, but when the thermal profile improves, the opposite trending impact is evident. The temperature profile exhibits the opposite tendency, despite a decline in the number of observations of the Casson fluid constraint. Joule heating parameters allow for more precise measurements of the heat source's properties by raising the temperature. The concentration graph shows a reduction as the number of observations for the chemical reaction parameter increases. The validity of the problem is investigated by computing the Nusselt number for cumulative Prandtl number observations and comparing the results with the literature.
Guolian Cui; Mohd Zafrullah Mohd Taib; Azhar Abd Jamil
Abstract
Ru porcelain is part of China's traditional culture, and in recent years, the use of Ru porcelain as a design element of hotel space has gradually increased. The primary purpose of this study is to explore the integration of Ru porcelain and contemporary theme hotel design from the perspective of regenerative ...
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Ru porcelain is part of China's traditional culture, and in recent years, the use of Ru porcelain as a design element of hotel space has gradually increased. The primary purpose of this study is to explore the integration of Ru porcelain and contemporary theme hotel design from the perspective of regenerative design and to create a Ru porcelain hotel space design that meets contemporary people's artistic and aesthetic characteristics. The researcher uses the dual literature research methods and case study analysis to achieve the research purpose. Literature research has meticulously combed through the concept of Ru porcelain, the redesign and innovation of Ru porcelain, and the regenerative nature of Ru porcelain in hotel design, providing reference material for scholars and practitioners. Meanwhile, the case study classifies and summarises the characteristics of Ru porcelain, the decorative elements of Ru porcelain, and the relevant examples of Ru porcelain hotels, and puts forward the regeneration design strategy of Ru porcelain hotels, emphasizing that the integration of Ru porcelain and hotels expands the development space of hotels, and will play a positive role in the improvement of the international influence of Ru porcelain culture.
Mohammed Hameed Sabhan Al-Tofan; Wisam Alawadi; Ahmed Khudier; Sahad Khilqa
Abstract
Conflict with subsurface utilities during project implementation is a growing concern for many municipalities as it increases time and budget. Subsurface utilities refer to buried infrastructures such as water, gas, and electric lines, which vary in material, size, and configuration. Many existing subsurface ...
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Conflict with subsurface utilities during project implementation is a growing concern for many municipalities as it increases time and budget. Subsurface utilities refer to buried infrastructures such as water, gas, and electric lines, which vary in material, size, and configuration. Many existing subsurface utility studies proposed to assist in decision-making use traditional computer or paper log methods, exhausting time and affecting accuracy. In this study, a fuzzy logic model is used to develop a complexity number named Fuzzy Logic Index for Subsurface Utility Engineering (FLI-SUE) to determine the appropriate investigation level of subsurface utilities for engineering project implementation. This complexity number does not have units, and its value spans between 0 and 100. The higher the FLI-SUE number, the higher the investigation level of subsurface utilities. FLI-SUE number may assist planners, operators, engineers and decision-makers in determining the most appropriate response to the subsurface utility conflicts in projects construction. A set of input parameters presented in the literature were considered in the current fuzzy logic model.
Ahmed Mohee Aldeen Ahmed; Mithaq Nama Raheema; Jabbar Salman Hussein
Abstract
Given the restrictions and complexity of EMG-based hand prostheses, the present work chose to investigate the possibility of a much simpler method based on voice-operated. Voice commands are simpler to understand than EMG signals to regulate the prosthetic arm. Therefore, the first and most important ...
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Given the restrictions and complexity of EMG-based hand prostheses, the present work chose to investigate the possibility of a much simpler method based on voice-operated. Voice commands are simpler to understand than EMG signals to regulate the prosthetic arm. Therefore, the first and most important benefit of this method is that the related prosthesis is simple to use. Speech recognition is a vital focus in artificial intelligence, serving as a prominent mode of human interaction. Researchers have developed speech-driven prosthetic hand systems using traditional speech recognition frameworks and neural network models. This work intends to employ the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B – 4GB RAM embedded inside the prosthetic limb instead of Arduino without requiring a computer to lower hand weight; this offers simplicity of usage. The proposed system captures and transforms speech input into features resembling spectrograms. It processes them using the MLFFNN to categorize speech as signals (words) and forward it to the prosthetic hand, fingers, and wrist control system involving six servo motors. 3D printers created a light and sturdy prosthetic locally. This work stands out for the freedom of usage amputees ofthis limb have, with the ability of the researcher to increase the movements by adding more signals (words). The entire system is implemented in Python using Keras and a deep learning framework with a TensorFlow backend. The simulation results demonstrate an accuracy of 99.4%, real-time test accuracy of 96.05%, and operational validation efficiency of 97.6%. These findings indicate that the MLFFNN can be effectively utilized for real-time control of prosthetic hands.
Dhuha Hazim; Emad Ismaeel
Abstract
The urban milieu of a campus comprises a intricate constitution of interconnected elements that collectively shape a complex environment. The interrelationships among these elements play a pivotal role in the design of an efficient and sustainable urban framework. This study aims to elucidate ...
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The urban milieu of a campus comprises a intricate constitution of interconnected elements that collectively shape a complex environment. The interrelationships among these elements play a pivotal role in the design of an efficient and sustainable urban framework. This study aims to elucidate the impact of specific physical factors on the visual sustainability of the urban fabric. The University of Mosul campus serves as the case study for this investigation. The research identifies and categorizes the components that influence the mental image of the campus, encompassing both built and unbuilt elements. The methodology employed integrates qualitative and quantitative approaches, utilizing a questionnaire and computer software to analyze the visual properties of the influencing factors. The findings of the study reveal that these characteristics and relationships contribute differentially to the formation of a sustainable urban image, with several factors being instrumental in enhancing and developing the visual sustainability of campus environments, both presently and in the future.
Marwah Manea Thajeel; Ameen Hasan Chalawi; György Balázs
Abstract
This study investigates the properties of 3D printed concrete mixtures, focusing on rheological characteristics, compressive strength, anisotropy, and printing path effects. Two mixtures were compared: M-1 (90% cement, 10% metakaolin) and M-2 (85% cement, 10% metakaolin, 5% silica fume). M-2 demonstrated ...
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This study investigates the properties of 3D printed concrete mixtures, focusing on rheological characteristics, compressive strength, anisotropy, and printing path effects. Two mixtures were compared: M-1 (90% cement, 10% metakaolin) and M-2 (85% cement, 10% metakaolin, 5% silica fume). M-2 demonstrated superior performance in flowability, shape retention, and buildability, allowing for 164% more printed layers than M-1. Compressive strength tests revealed that 3D printed specimens consistently exhibited lower strength compared to cast specimens due to layering effects and anisotropy. M-2 showed higher compressive strength in both cast and printed cubes. Significant anisotropy was observed in mechanical properties, with compressive strength highest in the X direction and lowest in the Y direction. Flexural strength and elastic modulus also varied depending on loading direction. Among printing patterns, the zigzag pattern with 90-degree rotation between layers (P1) exhibited the highest compressive strength, while circular patterns (P2) showed the lowest. These findings emphasize the importance of optimizing mix design, printing parameters, and loading direction considerations for 3D printed concrete structures.
Qasimali Ibrahim Barodawala; Sushree Sangita Mishra
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been widely used, especially in concrete applications. Further studies reveal that nano titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is also used in concrete to intensify the properties of concrete. This study investigates the effects of adding various percentages (0.1%, 0.3%, ...
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Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been widely used, especially in concrete applications. Further studies reveal that nano titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is also used in concrete to intensify the properties of concrete. This study investigates the effects of adding various percentages (0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%) of MWCNTs and nano TiO₂ to M40 grade self-compacting concrete. The mechanical properties—compressive, split tensile, and flexural strength—along with durability aspects such as water absorption, rapid chloride penetration, and acid resistance were evaluated. The findings indicate that with addition of 0.1%, 0.3% & 0.5% Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) 2%,8% and 21% average increment respectively in compressive strength is observed after 28 days, whereas other tested parameters are also showing significant increment. Similarly, with addition of 0.1%, 0.3% & 0.5% of nano titanium dioxide (TiO₂) 5%,6% and 10% average increment respectively in compressive strength was observed after 28 days. The durability parameters are also enhanced for both the nano materials but MWCNTs shows more increment when compared to nano TiO2.The cost comparison of both the nano materials is also taken into consideration which shows that around 14 lakhs of material cost required for 0.1 % MWCNT is more when compared to 0.1% nano TiO2 required for casting 100m3 of self-compacting concrete.
